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CERN Yellow Report Articles

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2026-04-15
13:02
III.13 — CERN LIU project: beam dynamics aspects and solutions / Rumolo, Giovanni (CERN)
The goal of the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project was to increase the intensity and brightness in the LHC injectors in order to match the challenging requirements of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project, while ensuring high availability and reliable operation of the injectors complex throughout the whole HL-LHC era. Fulfilling this goal required identifying the main performance limitations across all LHC injectors (Linac2, the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB), the Proton Synchrotron (PS), the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS)) and then implementing a combination of extensive hardware modifications and new beam dynamics solutions in order to overcome them. [...]
2024 - 14 p. - Published in : CERN Yellow Rep. School Proc. 3 (2024) 2141-2154 External link: Fulltext
In : Proceedings of the Joint Universities Accelerator School (JUAS) : Courses and exercises, Geneva, Switzerland, 27 Nov 2024, pp.2141-2154 (CERN-2024-003)

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2026-04-15
12:41
III.8 — Energy recovery linacs / Arnold, Michaela (Darmstadt, Tech. U.)
The seminar on energy-recovery linacs (ERLs) is giving an overview of the field: How does an ERLwork? What have been important milestones in ERL history? What are the reasons to use an ERLinstead of a conventional accelerator? As examples of the landscape of machines, ranging fromancient ERLs up to future projects, this chapter will give results of the runs from CBETA (USA) andS-DALINAC (Germany). The way to future ERLs will also be addressed..
2024 - 11 p. - Published in : CERN Yellow Rep. School Proc. 3 (2024) 2073-2084 External link: Fulltext
In : Proceedings of the Joint Universities Accelerator School (JUAS) : Courses and exercises, Geneva, Switzerland, 27 Nov 2024, pp.2073-2084 (CERN-2024-003)

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2026-04-15
12:26
III.7 — X-ray free-electron-lasers / Prat, Eduard (CERN)
X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) facilities are unique tools providing extremely brilliant X-rays thatallow the observation of matter on the scale of atomic processes. In this chapter we will qualitativelyexplain some fundamental concepts related to undulator and FEL radiation and we will describethe X-ray FEL facilities, including the typical layout, some basic concepts about electron beamdynamics and properties, and current facilities..
2024 - 15 p. - Published in : CERN Yellow Rep. School Proc. 3 (2024) 2057-2071 External link: Fulltext
In : Proceedings of the Joint Universities Accelerator School (JUAS) : Courses and exercises, Geneva, Switzerland, 27 Nov 2024, pp.2057-2071 (CERN-2024-003)

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2026-04-15
11:31
III.6 — Beam coupling impedance measurements with beam and on a bench / Biancacci, Nicolò (CERN)
The beam coupling impedance is one of the key quantities describing the interaction between aparticle beam travelling in a particle accelerator and its surroundings. Under specific circumstances,the impedance can lead to severe beam instabilities which limit the overall performance of a runningaccelerator or pose challenges for the achievement of a project.In this contribution, we present the main techniques in use to characterize the impedance either withbeam-based procedures, or with RF measurements on a test bench. [...]
2024 - 28 p. - Published in : CERN Yellow Rep. School Proc. 3 (2024) 2029-2056 External link: Fulltext
In : Proceedings of the Joint Universities Accelerator School (JUAS) : Courses and exercises, Geneva, Switzerland, 27 Nov 2024, pp.2029-2056 (CERN-2024-003)

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2026-04-15
11:27
III.5 — Non-linear beam manipulations in the transverse space / Giovannozzi, Massimo (CERN)
In recent years, high-energy particle accelerators utilizing superconducting magnets, which in-herently possess non-linear field errors, have significantly advanced the field of non-linear beamdynamics. While non-linear dynamics can introduce detrimental effects on the behavior of chargedparticles, they also offer opportunities for innovation. [...]
2024 - 12 p. - Published in : CERN Yellow Rep. School Proc. 3 (2024) 2017-2028 External link: Fulltext
In : Proceedings of the Joint Universities Accelerator School (JUAS) : Courses and exercises, Geneva, Switzerland, 27 Nov 2024, pp.2017-2028 (CERN-2024-003)

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2026-04-15
11:00
III.4.6 — Future high-energy linear lepton colliders / Rinolfi, Louis (CERN)
The first and only linear collider to run with beams was the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC), operationalfrom 1989 until 1998. Electrons and positrons each reached a maximum energy of∼46GeV at thecollision point..
2024 - 14 p. - Published in : CERN Yellow Rep. School Proc. 3 (2024) 1991-2004 External link: Fulltext
In : Proceedings of the Joint Universities Accelerator School (JUAS) : Courses and exercises, Geneva, Switzerland, 27 Nov 2024, pp.1991-2004 (CERN-2024-003)

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2026-04-14
15:46
III.4.3 — Nuclear collisions at the LHC / Jowett, J. M. (Darmstadt, GSI)
A particle accelerator is invariably a substantial investment on the part of the community that it serves,be it a university laboratory, a hospital, an industrial plant, a national laboratory, or an essentially globallaboratory like CERN. That investment must be secured by compelling motivation. [...]
2024 - 18 p. - Published in : CERN Yellow Rep. School Proc. 3 (2024) 1953-1970 External link: Fulltext
In : Proceedings of the Joint Universities Accelerator School (JUAS) : Courses and exercises, Geneva, Switzerland, 27 Nov 2024, pp.1953-1970 (CERN-2024-003)

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2026-04-14
15:30
III.4.2 — LHC and HL-LHC / Bruening, Oliver (CERN)
This paper describes the main concepts and performance goals for the LHC and HL-LHCprojects. It summarizes the main technical challenges and highlights the key technologies that have beendeveloped for both projects..
2024 - 14 p. - Published in : CERN Yellow Rep. School Proc. 3 (2024) 1939-1952 External link: Fulltext
In : Proceedings of the Joint Universities Accelerator School (JUAS) : Courses and exercises, Geneva, Switzerland, 27 Nov 2024, pp.1939-1952 (CERN-2024-003)

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2026-04-14
15:23
III.4.1. - Introduction / Métral, Elias (CERN)
This chapter includes a short introduction on colliders with their main figure of merit, the luminosity,and the pile-up in the experiments’ detectors, followed by seven sections, offering an overview ofthe different types of colliders used for particle physics experiments, which have been discussedduring the past JUAS schools:–LHC and HL-LHC,–Nuclear collisions at the LHC,–The Future CERN Circular hadron collider (FCC-hh),–Electron-positron circular colliders,–Future high-energy linear lepton colliders,–The US Electron-Ion Collider,–Muon collider..
2024 - 14 p. - Published in : CERN Yellow Rep. School Proc. 3 (2024) 1925-1938 External link: Fulltext
In : Proceedings of the Joint Universities Accelerator School (JUAS) : Courses and exercises, Geneva, Switzerland, 27 Nov 2024, pp.1925-1938 (CERN-2024-003)

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2026-04-14
14:53
III.3 — Introduction to CERN and its accelerator complex / Fernandez, Reyes Alemany (CERN)
The CERN accelerator complex has evolved over nearly 70 years, from the first 16 m circumferencemachine in 1957, the Synchrocyclotron, to the most powerful synchrotron in the world to today, theLHC, with 27 km circumference. In between, a series of machines were designed, installed andcommissioned and most of them are still in operation serving, with an impressive zoo of particles,the very rich and diverse physics programmes carried out at CERN. [...]
2024 - 21 p. - Published in : CERN Yellow Rep. School Proc. 3 (2024) 1903-1923 External link: Fulltext
In : Proceedings of the Joint Universities Accelerator School (JUAS) : Courses and exercises, Geneva, Switzerland, 27 Nov 2024, pp.1903-1923 (CERN-2024-003)

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