The life of CERN community presented on 22 posters.

At CERN, we probe the fundamental structure of particles that make up everything around us. We do so using the world’s largest and most complex scientific instruments. This visual exhibition focuses mainly on photos, offers visitors the opportunity to explore CERN through 18 posters.

History of the Universe

CERN technologies: from fundamental research to our everyday lives. Since 1954, the world-class research performed at CERN helps uncover what the universe is made of and how it works: here, scientists from all over the world study elementary particles – invisible to the eye – through complex and often gigantic instruments.

The Upstream Tracker (UT) is a crucial component in the LHCb tracking system installed in the Upgrade I. The UT is a silicon microstrip detector that speeds up track reconstruction, reduces the rate of ghost tracks, and improves reconstruction of long-lived particles. LHCb is planning Upgrade II during Long-Shutdown 4 aiming at increasing the peak luminosity by a factor of 7.5. The event pile-up and occupancies will be far beyond the design of the current UT, while radiation damage and pattern recognition will also be challenging. The plan of a new UT using MAPS sensors is proposed. The major sensor technology options will be discussed. The digitization and simulation of the MAPS-based UT will be introduced. Based on the simulation, optmization of the system design is performed, and impact of various operation scenarios is studied.

The aim of the LHCb Upgrade II is to operate at a luminosity of up to 1.5 x $10^{34}cm^{-2}s^{-1}$ . The required substantial modifications of the current LHCb ECAL due to high radiation doses in the central region and increased particle densities are referred to as PicoCal. An enhancement already during LS3 will reduce the occupancy and mitigate substantial ageing effects in the central region after Run 3. R&D on several scintillating sampling ECAL technologies is currently being performed: SpaCal with garnet scintillating crystals and tungsten absorber, SpaCal with scintillating plastic fibres and tungsten or lead absorber, and Shashlik with polystyrene tiles, lead absorber and fast WLS fibres. Time resolutions of better than 20 ps at high energy were observed in test beam measurements of prototype SpaCal and Shashlik modules. The presentation will also cover results from detailed simulations to optimise the design and physics performance of the PicoCal.

The LHCb experiment will undergo its high luminosity detector upgrade in 2033-2034 to operate at a maximal instantaneous luminosity of 1.5 × 1034cm-2s-1. This increase in instantaneous luminosity poses a challenge to the tracking system to achieve proper track reconstruction with a tenfold higher occupancy. Here we focus on foreseen solutions for the new tracking stations after the magnet, called Mighty Tracker. It is of hybrid nature, comprising silicon pixels in the inner region and scintillating fibres in the outer region. The silicon pixels provide the necessary granularity and radiation tolerance to handle the high track density expected in the central region, while the scintillating fibres are well suited for the peripheral acceptance region. New R&D activities are needed in both technologies to cope with the highest instantaneous luminosity and the drastic increase in the radiation environment. An overview of the current status of the Mighty Tracker project will be presented.

At CERN, we probe the fundamental structure of particles that make up everything around us. We do so using the world’s largest and most complex scientific instruments. This visual exhibition focuses mainly on photos, offers visitors the opportunity to explore CERN through 18 posters.

The LHCb (Large Hadron Collider Beauty) experiment will undergo its high-luminosity detector upgrade (known as Upgrade~II) in the long shutdown 4 of the LHC (2033-2034) to operate at a maximal instantaneous luminosity of $\rm 1.5~\times~10^{34}{cm}^{-2}{s}^{-1}$ in Runs~5 and~6, ten times higher than in previous data taking periods. This increase in instantaneous luminosity poses a challenge to the tracking system to achieve proper track reconstruction with a tenfold higher occupancy. In this abstract we focus on foreseen solutions for the tracking stations after the magnet, currently performed by the Scintillating Fibre (SciFi) Tracker. The SciFi Tracker is composed of mats of staggered scintillating fibres with a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) readout system to detect charged particles. In Upgrade~II, the inner region of the SciFi will be instrumented with an HV-CMOS pixel detector to cope with the high occupancy in this region. For the outer SciFi region, adding timing information to the track reconstruction is currently being evaluated in a dedicated simulation study to understand its role in reducing the occupancy, minimising ghost tracks (reconstructed tracks not produced by real charged particles) and decreasing the track computation time. Additionally to the higher instantaneous luminosity, the integrated luminosity will also increase in the future data taking periods, with an aim to collect a total of $\rm 240~fb^{-1}$. This will lead to a drastic increase in the radiation environment and thus in the SiPM's dark count rate (DCR), making cryogenic cooling and novel detector technologies necessary to maintain single photon detection capabilities. This also requires an update of the front-end electronics to operate at such a large temperature range and to maximise charge collection.

The case of the (still) mysterious