Beam losses from ultra-peripheral nuclear collisions between $^{208}$Pb$^{82+}$ ions in the Large Hadron Collider and their alleviation

Bruce, R.; Jowett, J.M.; Bocian, D.; Gilardoni, S.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.12.071002

Article
Report number	arXiv:0908.2527 ; FERMILAB-PUB-09-367-TD ; LHC-PROJECT-Report-1177
Title	Beam losses from ultra-peripheral nuclear collisions between $^{208}$Pb$^{82+}$ ions in the Large Hadron Collider and their alleviation
Author(s)	Bruce, R. (CERN) ; Gilardoni, S. (CERN) ; Jowett, J.M. (CERN) ; Bocian, D. (Fermilab)
Corporate Author(s)	CERN. Geneva. BE Department
Publication	2009
Imprint	18 Aug 2009
Number of pages	17
Note	Comments: 17 pages, 20 figures
In:	Phys. Rev. Spec. Top. Accel. Beams 12 (2009) 071002
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.12.071002
Subject category	Accelerators and Storage Rings ; Accelerators and Storage Rings
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	CERN LHC ; ALICE
Free keywords	Beam ; Alleviation
Abstract	Electromagnetic interactions between colliding heavy ions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will give rise to localized beam losses that may quench superconducting magnets, apart from contributing significantly to the luminosity decay. To quantify their impact on the operation of the collider, we have used a three-step simulation approach, which consists of optical tracking, a Monte-Carlo shower simulation and a thermal network model of the heat flow inside a magnet. We present simulation results for the case of Pb ion operation in the LHC, with focus on the ALICE interaction region, and show that the expected heat load during nominal Pb operation is 40% above the quench level. This limits the maximum achievable luminosity. Furthermore, we discuss methods of monitoring the losses and possible ways to alleviate their effect.
Referee	delphine.rivoiron@cern.ch
Copyright/License	Publication: (License: CC-BY-3.0)