CERN Accelerating science

Momentum spectra of the beam-induced background particles at the detector entry point.

Simulated time of arrival (TOF) of the beam background particles to the tracker modules, summing up all the modules, with respect to the expected time (T0) of a photon emitted from the interaction point and arriving at the same module.

Uncorrected jet transverse momentum (left) and jet pseudorapidity (right) in Higgs and $Z$ events produced in 1.5-TeV muon collisions. Higgs and $Z$ distributions are normalized to the same area. Background described in Section~\ref{sec:bckstudy} is not included.

H*(10) from a 1+1TeV ring, versus distance from ring and depth. Color scale units are pSv/10$^{10}$ muon~decays. Left: from $\nu_{\mu}$ and $\bar\nu_{\mu}$ Right: from $\nu_e$ and $\bar\nu_e$

Momentum spectra of the beam-induced background particles at the detector entry point.

Uncorrected jet transverse momentum (left) and jet pseudorapidity (right) in Higgs and $Z$ events produced in 1.5-TeV muon collisions. Higgs and $Z$ distributions are normalized to the same area. Background described in Section~\ref{sec:bckstudy} is not included.

H*(10) from a 1+1TeV ring, versus distance from ring and depth. Color scale units are pSv/10$^{10}$ muon~decays. Left: from $\nu_{\mu}$ and $\bar\nu_{\mu}$ Right: from $\nu_e$ and $\bar\nu_e$

: As in figure~\protect\ref{fig:ring1tev1d} for a muon energy of 1~TeV with (red line) and without (black line) wobbling (see text)

H*(10) as a function of distance from a straight section (bottom axis), or equivalently, depth of the section (values on top axis, vertical dotted lines). Curves correspond to different values of the ratio between section length (L) and total ring length (C). The dashed horizontal line corresponds to the limit dose of 0.1~mSv/year. Left: for a 1+1 TeV collider, assuming $1.2\times 10^{21}$ decays/year averaged over 1m in the vertical plane. Right: for a 62.5+62.5 GeV collider, assuming $4.8\times 10^{21}$ decays/year averaged over 4m in the vertical plane. For both, the saturation at small distance is due to the too coarse averaging.

Particle composition of the beam-induced background as a function of the muon decay distance from the interaction point for the cases of a 1.5~TeV (left) and a 125~GeV (right) collider.

Actual configuration of the detector. From inside to outside, in cyan are the nozzles followed by the tracking system in magenta. The magnetic coil is drawn in blue and the calorimeter system is depicted in red. The muon system, not implemented yet, is represented in green.

Di-jet mass distributions for Higgs and $Z$ produced in 1.5-TeV muon collisions, without and with a logarithmic scale in y-axis (left and right figures, respectively). The relative normalization of the two distributions is equal to the ratio of the expected number of events, considering the selection efficiencies and the cross sections. Background described in Section~\ref{sec:bckstudy} is not included.

Time of arrival of the background particles at the detector entry point with respect to the interaction point.

Illustration of the model built for the MARS15 simulation in a range of $\pm$100 m around the interaction point. It includes the machine components in the tunnel and the ILC 4th concept detector~\cite{M3} with the CMS-type tracker upgraded for the High-Luminosity LHC phase. The shielding nozzles are represented in yellow inside the detector. This figure has been reproduced from Ref.~\cite{mokhov15}.

H*(10) as a function of distance from a straight section (bottom axis), or equivalently, depth of the section (values on top axis, vertical dotted lines). Curves correspond to different values of the ratio between section length (L) and total ring length (C). The dashed horizontal line corresponds to the limit dose of 0.1~mSv/year. Left: for a 1+1 TeV collider, assuming $1.2\times 10^{21}$ decays/year averaged over 1m in the vertical plane. Right: for a 62.5+62.5 GeV collider, assuming $4.8\times 10^{21}$ decays/year averaged over 4m in the vertical plane. For both, the saturation at small distance is due to the too coarse averaging.

Vertex detector occupancy, defined as the number of hit clusters per $\mathrm{cm}^2$ area, as a function of the detector layers. Layers from 1 to 5 correspond to the barrel layers, from the closer to the more distant from the beam pipe. Layers from 6 to 9 correspond to the endcap layers, from the closer to the more distant from the nominal interaction point. Since endcap layers are on both side with respect to the interaction point, the mean occupancy of left and right layers is shown. Occupancy with and without a time window cut ($\pm 0.5$ ns) is presented.

Particle composition of the beam-induced background as a function of the muon decay distance from the interaction point for the cases of a 1.5~TeV (left) and a 125~GeV (right) collider.

Background energy deposition per bunch crossing in the ADRIANO calorimeter as a function of the polar angle with respect to the beam axis ($\theta$) and the azimuthal angle ($\phi$).

: H*(10) as a function of distance from ring(bottom axis), or equivalently, depth of the ring (values on top axis, vertical dotted lines) for two muon energies. Averaged over 1m in the vertical plane. Assuming $1.2\times 10^{21}$ decays/year. The dashed horizontal line corresponds to the limit dose of 0.1~mSv/year

Di-jet mass distributions for Higgs and $Z$ produced in 1.5-TeV muon collisions, without and with a logarithmic scale in y-axis (left and right figures, respectively). The relative normalization of the two distributions is equal to the ratio of the expected number of events, considering the selection efficiencies and the cross sections. Background described in Section~\ref{sec:bckstudy} is not included.

Momentum spectra of the beam-induced background particles at the detector entry point.