CERN Accelerating science

A schematic of the simulation chain is shown above. The voltage in the antenna is calculated using a simulated model of the vector effective length. Convolutions are used to account for the various hardware components after which there is a final digitization to ADC units.

The power gain of the various components is shown above. The gray band indicates the nominal frequency range of the surface array, 70 - 350\,MHz.

The median spectral power of the local background as measured by the prototype station at the South Pole using TAXI v3.0~\cite{roxmarieProceeding} is shown in blue. The Cane model of Galactic and extra-Galactic diffuse radio emission, folded with the detector response, is shown in dashed black. The average CR emission spectrum and the resultant frequency weighting are shown in gold and red, respectively. The bottom plot directly shows the frequency weights, \cref{eq:CRFilter}, directly.

Left: The SNR cut values required to reject 99\% of background waveforms as a function of the low- and high-pass frequencies. Right: The number of antennas per event which pass the SNR cut for the bandpass limits. The Black dot indicates the optimal band (corresponding to a SNR threshold of 41.4).

Left: The SNR cut values required to reject 99\% of background waveforms as a function of the low- and high-pass frequencies. Right: The number of antennas per event which pass the SNR cut for the bandpass limits. The Black dot indicates the optimal band (corresponding to a SNR threshold of 41.4).

The fraction of simulated CoREAS events which can be reconstructed using a plane wave to within 5$^\circ$ of the MC truth are shown for proton (left) and iron (right) primaries. Background waveforms from the South Pole, recorded with TAXI v3.0 DAQ, were used. The selection of antennas to use in the reconstruction includes an SNR cut that rejects 99\% of background pulses.

The fraction of simulated CoREAS events which can be reconstructed using a plane wave to within 5$^\circ$ of the MC truth are shown for proton (left) and iron (right) primaries. Background waveforms from the South Pole, recorded with TAXI v3.0 DAQ, were used. The selection of antennas to use in the reconstruction includes an SNR cut that rejects 99\% of background pulses.

Voltage waveforms from an observed event (solid color) compared to the waveforms from a CoREAS simulation (dashed gray) with initial conditions as given by the IceTop reconstruction ($\theta = 32^\circ$, $\phi = 275^\circ, E_{\rm IT}=240$\,PeV).