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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title/>
      <abbrev-journal-title/>
      <issn/>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>General Purpose and Neural Network Approach for Benchmarking Microcontrollers Under Radiation</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Giordano</surname>
            <given-names>Marco</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>
            <institution>Zurich, ETH</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution>CERN</institution>
          </aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferraro</surname>
            <given-names>Rudy</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>
            <institution>CERN</institution>
          </aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Magno</surname>
            <given-names>Michele</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>
            <institution>Zurich, ETH</institution>
          </aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Danzeca</surname>
            <given-names>Salvatore</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>
            <institution>CERN</institution>
          </aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="pub">
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume/>
      <fpage>1</fpage>
      <lpage>8</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2846298"/>
    </article-meta>
    <abstract>In this work a testing methodology for micro-controllers exposed to radiation is proposed. General purpose benchmarks are reviewed to provide a mean of testing all the macro-areas of a microcontroller, and a neural network benchmark is introduced as a representative class of novel computing algorithms for IoT devices. Metrics from literature are reviewed and a new metric, the Mean Energy per Unit Workload Between Failure, is introduced. It combines computing performance and energy consumption in a single unit, making it specifically useful to benchmark battery-operated edge nodes. A method to analyse reset causes is also introduced, giving important insights into failure mechanisms and potential patterns. The testing strategy has been validated on a representative class of four Cortex M0+ and Cortex M4 microcontrollers irradiated under a 200MeV proton beam with different fluences. Results from the irradiation campaign are presented and commented on to validate the benchmarks and metrics discussed.</abstract>
  </front>
  <article-type>research-article</article-type>
  <ref/>
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