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Evaporative cooling system with natural refrigerant at -50 ℃ and 100 m underground / Barroca, Pierre (CERN) ; Hafner, Armin (Norwegian U. Sci. Tech.) ; Pardiñas, Ángel Álvarez ; Verlaat, Bart (CERN) ; Zwalinski, Lukasz (CERN) ; Hulek, Wojciech (CERN) ; Petagna, Paolo (CERN) ; Hanf, Pierre (CERN) ; Battistin, Michele (CERN)
The cooling systems of the future tracking detectors of both ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will be entirely based on CO$_{2}$ refrigeration technology. The system is a booster refrigeration system, composed of a two stage primary part with standard R744 equipment and a low temperature secondary loop i.e. [...]
2020 - 7 p. - Published in : GL 2020 (2020) 30027945

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A test rig to study heat transfer of sCO2 at CERN / Pedano Medina, Camila Rocio (KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)) ; Gleissle, Susanne (Offenburg University of Applied Sciences (DE)) ; Petagna, Paolo (CERN)
In high-energy physics (HEP) detectors and modern electronics, thermal management is critical to ensure reliable, long-term operation. Increasing power densities, compact geometries, and stricter environmental regulations are driving the need for efficient, low-GWP cooling solutions. [...]
AIDAinnova-CONF-2025-001.- Geneva : CERN, 2025 Poster presented on the 11.04.2025: PDF;
In : The 6th European Conference on Supercritical CO2 (sCO2), Delft, Nl, 9 - 11 Apr 2025

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The 6th European Conference on Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) - sCO2 Conference 9 - 11 Apr 2025 - Delft, Nl / Pecnik, R (ed.) (Technical University of Delft)
2025

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Studies on supercritical carbon dioxide as a refrigerant for future detectors / Pedano Medina, Camila Rocio (KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)) ; Petagna, Paolo (CERN) ; Mall-Gleissle, Susanne (Offenburg University of Applied Sciences) ; Wetzel, Thomas (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)
High thermal capacities and low values of density and viscosity are some of the main characteristics of supercritical fluids. These, in combination with the nature of a supercritical fluid - a single phase fluid - make them very interesting candidates for the thermal management of High Energy Physics detectors. [...]
AIDAinnova-CONF-2024-007.- Geneva : CERN, 2023 Fulltext: PDF;

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Towards defining the optimal design parameters for a test setup studying heat transfer with carbon dioxide at supercritical conditions / Pedano Medina, Camila Rocio (KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)) ; Petagna, Paolo (CERN) ; Mall-Gleissle, Susanne (Offenburg University of Applied Sciences)
As the demand for environmentally friendly refrigeration technologies continues to grow, the use of natural refrigerants for the thermal management of detectors for high-energy physics becomes increasingly relevant. While the use of boiling CO2 flows is well established at CERN for applications requiring cold conditions, this study focuses on investigating the heat transfer capabilities of carbon dioxide in supercritical conditions. [...]
AIDAinnova-CONF-2024-006.- Geneva : CERN, 2024 Fulltext: PDF;

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An advance Krypton – CO2 cascade refrigeration unit for the Phase III Upgrade of the VELO detector at CERN / Contiero, Luca (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Hafner, Armin (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Verlaat, Bart (CERN) ; Banasiak, Krzysztof (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Allouche, Yosr (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO))
The Vertex Locator (VELO) of the LHCb (Large Hadron Collider) experiment will soon undergo the Phase III upgrade to fully read out events in a higher irradiated environment. An unprecedented amount of radiation will lead to temperature levels unmanageable by the current CO2 cooling system (2PACL) developed at CERN-Nikhef. [...]
AIDAinnova-CONF-2024-002.- Geneva : CERN, 2023 - Published in : Conference website Fulltext: PDF;

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A prototype with Xenon to simulate the future advance refrigeration unit for cooling of silicon detector trackers / Contiero, Luca (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Hafner, Armin (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Banasiak, Krzysztof (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Verlaat, Bart (CERN) ; Petagna, Paolo (CERN) ; Allouche, Yosr (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO))
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will soon undergo the Phase III Upgrade, resulting in radiation levels never achieved before. Therefore, both the detector cooling system and mechanical supports for future particle trackers should also be upgraded, as the current refrigeration technology using CO₂ is insufficient to prevent the thermal runaway of silicon sensors due to the CO₂ triple point temperature (≈ -56°C). [...]
AIDAinnova-CONF-2024-001.- Geneva : CERN, 2023 - Published in : Link to conference Fulltext: PDF;

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Modeling and Commissioning of a Cold Compressor String for the Superfluid Cryogenic Plant at Fermilab's Cryo-module Test Facility / Ueresin, C (Linde Kryotechnik, Pfungen) ; Decker, L (Linde Kryotechnik, Pfungen) ; Treite, P (Linde Kryotechnik, Pfungen)
In 2011, Linde Cryogenics, a division of Linde Process Plants, Tulsa, Oklahoma, was awarded the contract to deliver a 500 W at 2 K superfluid cryogenic plant to Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) in Batavia, Illinois, USA. This system includes a cold compressor string with three centrifugal compressors and a vacuum pump skid with five volumetric pumps in parallel used to pump down helium to its saturation pressure corresponding to 2 K. [...]
2015 - 6 p. - Published in : Phys. Procedia 67 (2015) 282-287 Fulltext: 10.1016_j.phpro.2015.06.088 - PDF; S1875389215004691 - XML;
In : 25th International Cryogenic Conference & International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2014, Twente U., Enschede, The Netherlands, 07 - 11 Jul 2014, pp.282-287

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Krypton, applied as a refrigerant for cooling of silicon detector trackers / Contiero, Luca (CERN) ; Barroca, Pierre (Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (NO)) ; Verlaat, Bart (CERN) ; Petagna, Paolo (CERN) ; Hafner, Armin (NTNU) ; Banasiak, Krzysztof (NTNU)
The thermal management of highly irradiated silicon detectors may soon require cooling temperatures beyond the limits of -45°C for the currently applied technologies with CO2. The working fluid shall be able to approach ultra-low temperatures for large heat loads using small piping and withstand a significant amount of radiation [...]
AIDAinnova-CONF-2023-001.- Geneva : CERN, 2022 - Published in : Conference website Fulltext: PDF PPTX;
In : 15th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants, Trondheim, Norway, 13 - 15 Jun 2022

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10.

Thermoacoustic Refrigerator Design for Beam Profile Monitor at CERN / Holmström, Axi (U. Helsinki (main)) ; Aicheler, Markus (CERN) ; Haeggström, Edward (U. Helsinki (main))
A travelling-wave thermoacoustic refrigerator design, suitable for CERN’s new Ionization Profile Monitor, was devised based on numerical calculations. The design features a He-filled looped tube containing an acoustic wave produced by an acoustic driver. [...]
2019 - 4 p. - Published in : 10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925816
In : 2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), Glasgow, UK, 6 - 9 Oct 2019, pp.305-308

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