MD on UFOs at MKIs and MKQs Baer T U. Hamburg (main) Barnes M CERN Bartmann W CERN Bracco C CERN Carlier E CERN Dehning B CERN Garrel N Goddard B CERN Jackson S CERN Jimenez M DESY Kain V CERN Mertens V CERN Misiowiec M Nordt A Technische Universitaet Darmstadt Papotti G CERN Uythoven J CERN Wenninger J CERN Zerlauth M CERN Zamantzas C CERN Zimmermann F CERN 2012 UFOs ("Unidentified Falling Objects") are expected to be one of the major known performance limitation of the LHC. In this MD, the production mechanism and the dynamics of UFOs at the injection kicker magnets (MKIs) and the tune kicker magnets (MKQs) were studied. This was done by pulsing the MKIs and MKQs on a gap in the partly filled machine. During the MD, in total 58 UFO-type beam loss patterns were observed directly after pulsing the MKIs. None were observed after pulsing the MKQs, which provides important input for possible mitigation strategies. The temporal and spatial distribution of the UFO events could be determined by using a dedicated BLM Study Buffer, the implications for the UFO dynamics are discussed. INTNOTEATSPUBL

Evidence for ultra-fast outflows in radio-quiet AGNs: III - location and energetics Tombesi F CRESST/NASA/GSFC UMCP Cappi M INAF-IASFBo Reeves J N Keele University Braito V Leicester University INAF-OA Brera 2012 Using the results of a previous X-ray photo-ionization modelling of blue-shifted Fe K absorption lines on a sample of 42 local radio-quiet AGNs observed with XMM-Newton, in this letter we estimate the location and energetics of the associated ultra-fast outflows (UFOs). Due to significant uncertainties, we are essentially able to place only lower/upper limits. On average, their location is in the interval ~0.0003-0.03pc (~10^2-10^4 r_s) from the central black hole, consistent with what is expected for accretion disk winds/outflows. The mass outflow rates are constrained between ~0.01-1 M_{\odot} yr^{-1}, corresponding to >5-10% of the accretion rates. The average lower-upper limits on the mechanical power are log\dot{E}_K~42.6-44.6 erg s^{-1}. However, the minimum possible value of the ratio between the mechanical power and bolometric luminosity is constrained to be comparable or higher than the minimum required by simulations of feedback induced by winds/outflows. Therefore, this work demonstrates that UFOs are indeed capable to provide a significant contribution to the AGN cosmological feedback, in agreement with theoretical expectations and the recent observation of interactions between AGN outflows and the interstellar medium in several Seyferts galaxies. PREPRINT

On the X-ray low- and high-velocity outflows in AGNs Ramirez J M Tombesi F 2011 An exploration of the relationship between bolometric luminosity and outflow velocity, for two classes of X-ray outflows in a large sample of active galactic nuclei has been performed. We find that line radiation pressure could be one physical mechanism that might accelerate the gas we observe in warm absorber, v~100-1000 km/s, and on comparable but less stringent grounds the ultra-fast outflows (UFOs), v~0.03-0.3c. If comparable with the escape velocity of the system; the first is naturally located at distances of the dusty torus, ~ 1 pc, and the second at sub-parsec scales, ~ 0.01 pc, in accordance with large set of observational evidence existing in the literature. The presentation of this relationship might give us key clues for our understanding of the different physical mechanisms acting in the center of galaxies, the feedback process and its impact on the evolution of the host galaxy. PREPRINT

Evidence for ultra-fast outflows in radio-quiet AGNs: II - detailed photo-ionization modeling of Fe K-shell absorption lines Tombesi F NASA/GSFC/CRESST UMCP UNIBO INAF-IASFBO Cappi M INAF-IASFBO Reeves J N Keele University Palumbo G G C UNIBO Braito V Leicester University Dadina M INAF-IASFBO 2011 X-ray absorption line spectroscopy has recently shown evidence for previously unknown Ultra-fast Outflows (UFOs) in radio-quiet AGNs. In the previous paper of this series we defined UFOs as those absorbers with an outflow velocity higher than 10,000km/s and assessed the statistical significance of the associated blueshifted FeK absorption lines in a large sample of 42 local radio-quiet AGNs observed with XMM-Newton. In the present paper we report a detailed curve of growth analysis and directly model the FeK absorbers with the Xstar photo-ionization code. We confirm that the frequency of sources in the radio-quiet sample showing UFOs is >35%. The outflow velocity distribution spans from \sim10,000km/s (\sim0.03c) up to \sim100,000km/s (\sim0.3c), with a peak and mean value of \sim42,000km/s (\sim0.14c). The ionization parameter is very high and in the range log\xi 3-6erg s^{-1} cm, with a mean value of log\xi 4.2 erg s^{-1} cm. The associated column densities are also large, in the range N_H\sim10^{22}-10^{24} cm^{-2}, with a mean value of N_H\sim10^{23} cm^{-2}. We discuss and estimate how selection effects, such as those related to the limited instrumental sensitivity at energies above 7keV, may hamper the detection of even higher velocities and higher ionization absorbers. We argue that, overall, these results point to the presence of extremely ionized and possibly almost Compton thick outflowing material in the innermost regions of AGNs. This also suggests that UFOs may potentially play a significant role in the expected cosmological feedback from AGNs and their study can provide important clues on the connection between accretion disks, winds and jets. PREPRINT

Analysis of fast losses in the LHC with the BLM system Velghe B CERN Holzer E CERN Dehning B CERN Nordt A CERN Sapinski M CERN Emery J CERN Zamantzas C CERN Effinger E CERN Marsili A CERN Wenninger J CERN Baer T CERN Schmidt R CERN Yang Z Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne CERN Zimmerman F CERN Fuster N Valencia U. CERN Nebot E CERN 2011 About 3600 Ionization Chambers are located around the LHC ring to detect beam losses that could damage the equipment or quench superconducting magnets. The Beam Loss Monitors (BLMs) integrate the losses in 12 different time intervals (from 40 us to 83.8 s) allowing for different abort thresholds depending on the duration of the loss and the beam energy. The signals are also recorded in a database at 1 Hz for offline analysis. During the 2010 run, a limiting factor in the machine availability were sudden losses appearing around the ring on the ms time scale and detected exclusively by the BLM system. It is believed that such losses originate from dust particles falling into the beam, or being attracted by its strong electromagnetic field. This document describes some of the properties of these ”Unidentified Falling Objects” (UFOs) putting special emphasis on their dependence on beam parameters (energy, intensity, etc). The subsequent modification of the BLM beam abort thresholds for the 2011 run that were made to avoid unnecessary beam dumps caused by these UFO losses are also discussed. research-article

UFOs in the LHC Baer T CERN Hamburg U. Barnes M CERN Goddard B CERN Holzer E B CERN Jimenez J M CERN Lechner V CERN Mertens V CERN Nebot Del Busto E CERN Nordt A CERN Uythoven J CERN Velghe B CERN Wenninger J CERN Zimmermann F CERN 2011 One of the major known limitations for the performance of the Large Hadron Collider are so called UFOs (Unidentified Falling Objects). UFOs were first observed in July 2010 and caused numerous protection beam dumps since then. They are presumably micrometer sized dust particles that lead to fast beam losses with a duration of about 10 turns when they interact with the beam. In 2011, the diagnostics for such events are highly increased which allows estimations of the properties, dynamics and production mechanisms of the dust particles. The state of knowledge and mitigation strategies are presented. research-article

Synthetic Spectra and Light Curves of Interacting Binaries and Exoplanets with Circumstellar Material: SHELLSPEC Budaj Jan 2011 Program SHELLSPEC is designed to calculate light-curves, spectra and images of interacting binaries and extrasolar planets immersed in a moving circumstellar environment which is optically thin. It solves simple radiative transfer along the line of sight in moving media. The assumptions include LTE and optional known state quantities and velocity fields in 3D. Optional (non)transparent objects such as a spot, disc, stream, jet, ufo, shell or stars may be defined (embedded) in 3D and their composite synthetic spectrum calculated. Roche model can be used as a boundary condition for the radiative transfer. Recently a new model of the reflection effect, dust and Mie scattering were incorporated into the code. $\epsilon$ Aurigae is one of the most mysterious objects on the sky. Prior modeling of its light-curve assumed dark, inclined, disk of dust with the central hole to explain the light-curve with a sharp mid-eclipse brightening. Our model consists of two geometrically thick flared disks. Internal optically thick disk and external optically thin disk which absorbs and scatters radiation. Shallow mid-eclipse brightening may result from eclipses by nearly edge-on flared (dusty or gaseous) disks. Mid-eclipse brightening may also be due to strong forward scattering and optical properties of the dust which can have an important effect on the light-curves. There are many similarities between interacting binary stars and transiting extrasolar planets. Reflection effect which is briefly reviewed is one of them. The exact Roche shape and temperature distributions over the surface of all currently known transiting extrasolar planets have been determined. In some cases (HAT-P-32b, WASP-12b, WASP-19b) departures from the spherical shape can reach 7-15%. PREPRINT

UFO - The Universal FeynRules Output Degrande Céline Duhr Claude Fuks Benjamin Grellscheid David Mattelaer Olivier Reiter Thomas 2011 We present a new model format for automatized matrix-element generators, the so- called Universal FeynRules Output (UFO). The format is universal in the sense that it features compatibility with more than one single generator and is designed to be flexible, modular and agnostic of any assumption such as the number of particles or the color and Lorentz structures appearing in the interaction vertices. Unlike other model formats where text files need to be parsed, the information on the model is encoded into a Python module that can easily be linked to other computer codes. We then describe an interface for the Mathematica package FeynRules that allows for an automatic output of models in the UFO format. PREPRINT

MKI UFOs at Injection Baer T Hamburg U. Barnes M CERN Bartmann W CERN Bracco C CERN Carlier E CERN Chanavat C CERN Drosdal L U. Oslo (main) Garrel N Goddard B CERN Kain V CERN Mertens V CERN Uythoven J CERN Wenninger J CERN Zerlauth M CERN 2011 During the MD, the production mechanism of UFOs at the injection kicker magnets (MKIs) was studied. This was done by pulsing the MKIs on a gap in the circulating beam, which led to an increased number of UFOs. In total 43 UFO type beam loss patterns at the MKIs were observed during the MD. The MD showed that pulsing the MKIs directly induces UFO type beam loss patterns. From the temporal characteristics of the loss profile, estimations about the dynamics of the UFOs are made. INTNOTEATSPUBL

Physics and technology for future presidents Muller Richard A 2010 Physics and Technology for Future Presidents contains the essential physics that students need in order to understand today's core science and technology issues, and to become the next generation of world leaders. From the physics of energy to climate change, and from spy technology to quantum computers, this is the only textbook to focus on the modern physics affecting the decisions of political leaders and CEOs and, consequently, the lives of every citizen. How practical are alternative energy sources? Can satellites really read license plates from space? What is the quantum physics behind i BOOK

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The evolving universe Goldsmith Donald 1985 BOOK

LHC Report: Preparing for 4 TeV Edited by Katarina Anthony based on regular reports by Mike Lamont the Bulletin's correspondent from Chamonix 2012 BULLETINNEWS

4th report from the LHC performance workshop 2012 BULLETINNEWS

LHC Report: 2 inverse femtobarns! 2011 BULLETINNEWS

LHC Report: Rocky Recovery 2011 BULLETINNEWS

TECHNICAL COORDINATION 2011 CMSBULLETINARTICLE

LHC Report: the machine - on the level 2011 BULLETINNEWS

LHC experiences close encounters with UFOs 2011 BULLETINNEWS

UFO physicist have opened a gateway to hell 2009 CUTTING

ET UFO global challenge armorial bearings of God particle LHC 2008 CUTTING

True confessions of an ET UFO contact 2008 CUTTING

Linking SARAH and MadGraph using the UFO format Staub Florian 2012 SARAH is a Mathematica package optimized for the fast, efficient and precise study of supersymmetric models beyond the MSSM: a new model can be defined in a short form and all vertices are derived. This allows SARAH to create model files for FeynArts/FormCalc, CalcHep/CompHep and WHIZARD/OMEGA. The newest version of SARAH now provides the possibility to create model files in the UFO format which is supported by MadGraph 5, MadAnalysis 5, GoSam, and soon by Herwig++. Furthermore, SARAH also calculates the mass matrices, RGEs and 1-loop corrections to the mass spectrum. This information is used to write source code for SPheno in order to create a precision spectrum generator for the given model. This spectrum-generator-generator functionality as well as the output of WHIZARD and CalcHep model files have seen further improvement in this version. PREPRINT

Conf. Proc. Conf. Proc. UFOs in the LHC: Observations, studies and extrapolations Barnes MJ CERN Cerutti F CERN Ferrari A CERN Garrel N CERN Goddard B CERN Holzer EB CERN Jackson S CERN Lechner A CERN Mertens V CERN Misiowiec M CERN Nebot del Busto E CERN Nordt A CERN Uythoven J CERN Vlachoudis V CERN Wenninger J CERN Zamantzas C CERN Zimmermann F CERN Fuster N Valencia U. Baer T CERN Hamburg U. 2012 C1205201 Unidentified falling objects (UFOs) are potentially a major luminosity limitation for nominal LHC operation. They are presumably micrometer sized dust particles which lead to fast beam losses when they interact with the beam. With large-scale increases and optimizations of the beam loss monitor (BLM) thresholds, their impact on LHC availability was mitigated from mid 2011 onwards. For higher beam energy and lower magnet quench limits, the problem is expected to be considerably worse, though. In 2011/12, the diagnostics for UFO events were significantly improved: dedicated experiments and measurements in the LHC and in the laboratory were made and complemented by FLUKA simulations and theoretical studies. The state of knowledge, extrapolations for nominal LHC operation and mitigation strategies are presented research-article

Comparison of ejection events in the jet and accretion disc outflows in 3C 111 Tombesi F CRESST/NASA/GSFC University of Maryland, College Park Sambruna R M George Mason University Marscher A P Boston University Jorstad S G Boston University St. Petersburg State University Reynolds C S University of Maryland, College Park Markowitz A University of California, San Diego Frederic-Alexander Universitat, Bamberg 2012 We present a comparison of the parameters of accretion disc outflows and the jet of the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 111 on sub-pc scales. We make use of published X-ray observations of ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) and new 43GHz VLBA images to track the jet knots ejection. We find that the superluminal jet coexists with the mildly relativistic outflows on sub-pc scales, possibly indicating a transverse stratification of a global flow. The two are roughly in pressure equilibrium, with the UFOs potentially providing additional support for the initial jet collimation. The UFOs are much more massive than the jet, but their kinetic power is probably about an order of magnitude lower, at least for the observations considered here. However, their momentum flux is equivalent and both of them are powerful enough to exert a concurrent feedback impact on the surrounding environment. A link between these components is naturally predicted in the context of MHD models for jet/outflow formation. However, given the high radiation throughput of AGNs, radiation pressure should also be taken into account. From the comparison with the long-term 2-10keV RXTE light curve we find that the UFOs are preferentially detected during periods of increasing flux. We also find the possibility to place the UFOs within the known X-ray dips-jet ejection cycles, which has been shown to be a strong proof of the disc-jet connection, in analogue with stellar-mass black holes. However, given the limited number of observations presently available, these relations are only tentative and additional spectral monitoring is needed to test them conclusively. PREPRINT

... It’s a blooming miracle - a special LHC Report 2012 BULLETINNEWS

Strange science takes time 2008 The late astronomer Carl Sagan popularized the saying that "extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence," in reference to reports of alien visitations. Generating low-cost commercial fusion power, isolating antimatter and tracing reverse-time causality aren't as far out there as UFOs, but a similar rule might well apply: Extraordinary science requires extraordinary effort. With that in mind, here's a progress report on three extraordinary science projects that have popped up in the news... CUTTING