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2.
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 Discovery of Pions and Kaons in Cosmic Rays in 1947
Discovery of Pions and Kaons in
Cosmic Rays in 1947 :
Quarks
The name was coined in 1964 by Murray Gell-Mann, who
said that he was strongly influenced by a poem from James
Joyce's book, Finnegans Wake:
Three quarks for muster Mark!
Sure he hasn't got much of a bark
And sure any he has it's all beside the mark.
URL: http://www.ep1.rub.de/lehre/veransta...s0910_1.pdf
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4.
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Muons and Rays
Muons are fundamental particles that interact
via gravitation, electro-magnetism and the
weak interaction
Cosmic muons are produced when primary
cosmic rays interact with earths atmosphere
Muon flux and energy is effected by
atmospheric conditions
Muons are beneficial to modern scientific
research
URL: http://uncw.edu/phy/documents/CosmicRayMuons.pdf
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5.
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Spectrum of cosmic-ray nucleons, kaon production, and the atmospheric muon charge ratio
Abstract
Interpretation of measurements of the muon charge ratio in the TeV range depends on the spectra of protons and neutrons in the primary cosmic radiation and on the inclusive cross sections for production of π± and K± in the atmosphere. Recent measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray nuclei are used here to estimate separately the energy spectra of protons and neutrons and hence to calculate the charge separated hadronic cascade in the atmosphere. From the corresponding production spectra of μ+ and μ- the μ+/μ- ratio is calculated and compared to recent measurements. The comparison leads to a determination of the relative contribution of kaons and pions. Implications for the spectra of νμ and ν are discussed.
URL: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012APh....35..801G
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