wiki kaons Discovery of Pions and Kaons in <br />Cosmic Rays in 1947 : <br /> <br />Quarks <br />The name was coined in 1964 by Murray Gell-Mann, who <br />said that he was strongly influenced by a poem from James <br />Joyce's book, Finnegans Wake: <br /> <br />Three quarks for muster Mark! <br />Sure he hasn't got much of a bark <br />And sure any he has it's all beside the mark. <br /> edu Muons are fundamental particles that interact <br />via gravitation, electro-magnetism and the <br />weak interaction <br /> Cosmic muons are produced when primary <br />cosmic rays interact with earths atmosphere <br /> Muon flux and energy is effected by <br />atmospheric conditions <br /> Muons are beneficial to modern scientific <br />research Abstract <br /> <br />Interpretation of measurements of the muon charge ratio in the TeV range depends on the spectra of protons and neutrons in the primary cosmic radiation and on the inclusive cross sections for production of π± and K± in the atmosphere. Recent measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray nuclei are used here to estimate separately the energy spectra of protons and neutrons and hence to calculate the charge separated hadronic cascade in the atmosphere. From the corresponding production spectra of μ+ and μ- the μ+/μ- ratio is calculated and compared to recent measurements. The comparison leads to a determination of the relative contribution of kaons and pions. Implications for the spectra of νμ and ν are discussed.