2289922 20210415145759.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2289922 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-DE-061 ALICE Time of Flight Module Module ALICE Time of Flight despoina.hatzifotiadou@cern.ch Despoina Hatzifotiadou Public The Time-Of-Flight system of ALICE consists of 90 such modules, each containing 15 or 19 Multigap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) strips. This detector is used for identification of charged particles. It measures with high precision (50 ps) the time of flight of charged particles and therefore their velocity. The curvature of the particle trajectory inside the magnetic field gives the momentum, thus the particle mass is calculated and the particle is identified The MRPC is a stack of resistive glass plates, separated from each other by nylon fishing line. The mass production of the chambers (~1600, covering a surface of 150 m2) was done at INFN Bologna, while the first prototypes were bult at CERN. Comments submitted after 30-10-2017 14:45 DE CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Detectors and experimental techniques DE CERN LHC CERN ALICE CERN Museum Heritage Collection CERN CERN 1361397 2855743 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2289922/files/DE061.png 1361397 27758 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2289922/files/DE061.gif?subformat=icon icon 1361397 60360 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2289922/files/DE061.png?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 afroditi.anastasaki@cern.ch Available n 201742 London Science Museum (Collider Exhibition) 120cm 120cm 30cm 60kg MICROCOSM 2284290 20250724114905.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2284290 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-AC-041 Slice through an LHC bending magnet LHC dipole slice through cold mass Public Slice through an LHC superconducting dipole (bending) magnet. The slice includes a cut through the magnet wiring (niobium titanium), the beampipe and the steel magnet yokes. Particle beams in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have the same energy as a high-speed train, squeezed ready for collision into a space narrower than a human hair. Huge forces are needed to control them. Dipole magnets (2 poles) are used to bend the paths of the protons around the 27 km ring. Quadrupole magnets (4 poles) focus the proton beams and squeeze them so that more particles collide when the beams’ paths cross. There are 1232 15m long dipole magnets in the LHC. Comments submitted after 24-07-2025 11:44 AC CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Accelerators and storage rings LHC CERN AC CERN CERN 282 1349211 1844295 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284290/files/AC41.JPG 1349211 20884 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284290/files/AC41.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 1349211 21382 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284290/files/AC41.gif?subformat=icon icon afroditi.anastasaki@cern.ch On loan n 201737 Reserved for Science Gateway AHHAA Science Centre Foundation (Tartu - Estonia) 58cm On plexi stand MICROCOSM 2284291 20210927180145.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2284291 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-AC-042 Slice through an LHC focusing magnet Tranche quadripolaire LHC à travers la masse froide Public Slice through an LHC superconducting quadrupole (focusing) magnet. The slice includes a cut through the magnet wiring (niobium titanium), the beampipe and the steel magnet yokes. Particle beams in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have the same energy as a high-speed train, squeezed ready for collision into a space narrower than a human hair. Huge forces are needed to control them. Dipole magnets (2 poles) are used to bend the paths of the protons around the 27 km ring. Quadrupole magnets (4 poles) focus the proton beams and squeeze them so that more particles collide when the beams’ paths cross. Bringing beams into collision requires a precision comparable to making two knitting needles collide, launched from either side of the Atlantic Ocean. Comments submitted after 27-09-2021 17:59 AC CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Accelerators and storage rings LHC CERN AC CERN CERN 282 1368978 1493315 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284291/files/AC42.JPG LHC quadrupole 1368978 21995 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284291/files/AC42.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 LHC quadrupole 1368978 24088 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284291/files/AC42.gif?subformat=icon icon LHC quadrupole afroditi.anastasaki@cern.ch On loan n 201737 Reserved for Science Gateway AHHAA Science Centre Foundation (Tartu - Estonia) 50cm On plexi stand 16kg MICROCOSM 2284292 20210927101018.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2284292 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-AC-043 LHC bending magnet coil Bobine dipolaire LHC Public A short test version of coil of wire used for the LHC dipole magnets. The high magnetic fields needed for guiding particles around the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) ring are created by passing 12’500 amps of current through coils of superconducting wiring. At very low temperatures, superconductors have no electrical resistance and therefore no power loss. The LHC is the largest superconducting installation ever built. The magnetic field must also be extremely uniform. This means the current flowing in the coils has to be very precisely controlled. Indeed, nowhere before has such precision been achieved at such high currents. Magnet coils are made of copper-clad niobium–titanium cables — each wire in the cable consists of 9’000 niobium–titanium filaments ten times finer than a hair. Comments submitted after 27-09-2021 10:09 AC CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Accelerators and storage rings LHC CERN AC CERN CERN 282 1349215 2219455 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284292/files/AC43a.jpg 1349216 1966378 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284292/files/AC43b.jpg 1349215 32605 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284292/files/AC43a.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 1349215 39944 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284292/files/AC43a.gif?subformat=icon icon 1349216 25512 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284292/files/AC43b.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 1349216 36127 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284292/files/AC43b.gif?subformat=icon icon afroditi.anastasaki@cern.ch On loan n 201737 01/02/2019 Reserved for Science Gateway Rolf Landua, CERN exhibition Bahrain, February - September 2019 133cm 15cm In plexi tube 17kg MICROCOSM 2284293 20210415145800.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2284293 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-AC-045 Slice of LHC dipole wiring LHC tranche de fils dipolaires et cols Public Dipole model slice made in 1994 by Ansaldo. The high magnetic fields needed for guiding particles around the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) ring are created by passing 12’500 amps of current through coils of superconducting wiring. At very low temperatures, superconductors have no electrical resistance and therefore no power loss. The LHC is the largest superconducting installation ever built. The magnetic field must also be extremely uniform. This means the current flowing in the coils has to be very precisely controlled. Indeed, nowhere before has such precision been achieved at such high currents. 50’000 tonnes of steel sheets are used to make the magnet yokes that keep the wiring firmly in place. The yokes constitute approximately 80% of the accelerator's weight and, placed side by side, stretch over 20 km! Comments submitted after 21-12-2017 15:51 Tranche du modèle dipolaire, 1994 Ansaldo AC CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Accelerators and storage rings AC CERN LHC CERN Museum Heritage Collection CERN CERN https://home.cern/about/engineering/pulling-together-superconducting-electromagnets More about LHC magnets https://home.cern/about/updates/2017/09/next-stop-superconducting-magnets-future The superconducting magnets of the future 282 1349218 2489802 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284293/files/AC45.JPG 1349218 17613 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284293/files/AC45.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 1349218 18013 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284293/files/AC45.gif?subformat=icon icon afroditi.anastasaki@cern.ch Available n 201737 With box 9cm 39cm plexi stand 10kg (including box) MICROCOSM 2266136 20210415145754.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2266136 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-AC-047 LHC magnet support post Poste de soutien du LHC 1995 Public A prototype magnet support for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The magnet supports have to bridge a difference in temperature of 300 degrees. Electrical connections, instrumentation and the posts on which the magnets stand are the only points where heat transfer can happen through conduction. They are all carefully designed to draw off heat progressively. The posts are made of 4 mm thick glass-fibre– epoxy composite material. Each post supports 10 000 kg of magnet and leaks just 0.1 W of heat. This piece required a long development period which started in the early ’90s and continued until the end of the decade. The wires next to the support post are wires from strain gauges, which are employed to measure the stress level in the material when the support is mechanically loaded. These supports are mechanically optimized to withstand a weight of up to 100Kn (10 tons) while being as thin as possible to minimize conduction heat to magnets. This is the reason why the stress measurement was extensively done in the prototyping phase. Comments submitted after 21-12-2017 15:48 Le LHC soutient des prototypes de poste qui date de 1995, dans une longue période de développement qui a débuté au début des années 90 et s'est poursuivie jusqu'à la fin de la décennie. Les fils à côté du poteau de support sont probablement des fils de jauges de contrainte, qui sont utilisés pour mesurer le niveau de contrainte du matériau lorsque le support est chargé mécaniquement. Ces supports sont optimisés mécaniquement pour résister à un poids jusqu'à 100Kn (10 tonnes) tout en étant aussi minces que possible pour minimiser la chaleur de conduction aux aimants. C'est la raison pour laquelle la mesure de la contrainte a été largement effectuée dans la phase de prototypage. A propos de postes de soutien: Les hauts champs magnétiques nécessaires au LHC ne peut être atteint en utilisant superconducteurs. À très basses températures, les supraconducteurs n'ont aucune résistance électrique et donc aucune perte de puissance. Le LHC sera la plus grande installation supraconductrice jamais construite et, à 1,9 degrés au-dessus du zéro absolu (300 degrés sous la température ambiante), l'un des objets les plus froids de l'univers! Les supports d'aimants doivent combler une différence de température de 300 degrés. Les connexions électriques, l'instrumentation et les poteaux sur lesquels reposent les aimants sont les seuls points où le transfert de chaleur peut se faire par conduction. Ils sont tous soigneusement conçus pour retirer la chaleur progressivement. Les poteaux sont constitués d'un matériau composite en fibre de verre et époxy de 4 mm d'épaisseur. Chaque poste supporte 10 000 kg d'aimant et fuit seulement 0,1 W de chaleur. AC CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Accelerators and storage rings AC CERN LHC CERN Museum Heritage Collection CERN CERN 282 1316413 611545 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2266136/files/AC47.png 1316413 16896 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2266136/files/AC47.gif?subformat=icon icon 1316413 41272 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2266136/files/AC47.png?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 afroditi.anastasaki@cern.ch Available n 201722 26cm 33cm 7kg MICROCOSM 2285237 20210415145755.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2285237 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-AC-049 Sample of superconducting wiring from the LHC Echantillon de câblage supraconducteur (Niobium Titanium) Public The high magnetic fields needed for guiding particles around the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) ring are created by passing 12’500 amps of current through coils of superconducting wiring. At very low temperatures, superconductors have no electrical resistance and therefore no power loss. The LHC is the largest superconducting installation ever built. The magnetic field must also be extremely uniform. This means the current flowing in the coils has to be very precisely controlled. Indeed, nowhere before has such precision been achieved at such high currents. Magnet coils are made of copper-clad niobium–titanium cables — each wire in the cable consists of 9’000 niobium–titanium filaments ten times finer than a hair. The cables carry up to 12’500 amps and must withstand enormous electromagnetic forces. At full field, the force on one metre of magnet is comparable to the weight of a jumbo jet. Coil winding requires great care to prevent movements as the field changes. Friction can create hot spots which “quench” the magnet and ruin its superconductivity. A quench in any of the LHC superconducting magnets would stop machine operation. 50’000 tonnes of steel sheets are used to make the magnet yokes that keep the wiring firmly in place. The yokes constitute approximately 80% of the accelerator's weight and, placed side by side, stretch over 20 km! Comments submitted after 21-12-2017 15:40 À propos du câble NbTi: le câble se compose de 36 brins de fil supraconducteur, chaque brin a un diamètre de 0,825 mm et abrite 6300 filaments supraconducteurs de niobium-titane (Nb-Ti, un alliage supraconducteur). Chaque filament a un diamètre d'environ 0,006 mm, c'est-à-dire 10 fois plus petit qu'un cheveu humain typique. Les filaments sont incorporés dans une matrice de cuivre de haute pureté. Le cuivre est un matériau conducteur normal. Les filaments sont dans l'état supraconducteur lorsque la température est inférieure à -263ºC (10,15 K). Lorsque les filaments quittent l'état supraconducteur, le cuivre agit comme un conducteur qui transporte le courant électrique. À propos du câblage supraconducteur LHC: Les champs magnétiques élevés nécessaires pour le LHC ne peuvent être atteints que par des supraconducteurs. À très basses températures, les supraconducteurs n'ont aucune résistance électrique et donc aucune perte de puissance. Le LHC sera la plus grande installation supraconductrice jamais construite et, à 1,9 degrés au-dessus du zéro absolu (300 degrés sous la température ambiante), l'un des objets les plus froids de l'univers! Les bobines magnétiques sont constituées de câbles en nickel et de titane en cuivre - chaque fil du câble se compose de 9000 filaments de niobium-titane dix fois plus fins que les cheveux. Les câbles portent jusqu'à 12 500 ampères et doivent résister à d'énormes forces électromagnétiques. En plein champ, la force sur un mètre d'aimant est comparable au poids d'un jet jumbo. L'enroulement de la bobine nécessite un grand soin pour éviter les mouvements lorsque le champ change. La friction peut créer des points chauds qui "étouffent" l'aimant et ruinent sa supraconductivité. Une extinction dans l'un des aimants supraconducteurs LHC mettrait fin au fonctionnement de la machine. AC CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Accelerators and storage rings AC CERN LHC CERN Museum Heritage Collection CERN CERN http://home.cern/about/updates/2017/09/magic-superconductors-spotlight CERN article "The magic of superconductors in the spotlight" 282 1350684 2165952 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2285237/files/AC049.JPG 1350685 1012049 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2285237/files/Nb-Ti filaments .png 1350686 12586 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2285237/files/Nb-Ti Cable Cross section.jpg 1350684 19413 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2285237/files/AC049.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 1350684 20966 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2285237/files/AC049.gif?subformat=icon icon 1350685 14959 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2285237/files/Nb-Ti filaments .gif?subformat=icon icon 1350685 41967 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2285237/files/Nb-Ti filaments .png?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 1350686 2282 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2285237/files/Nb-Ti Cable Cross section.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 1350686 8139 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2285237/files/Nb-Ti Cable Cross section.gif?subformat=icon icon afroditi.anastasaki@cern.ch Available n 201738 IR-ECO MICROCOSM 2253707 20250901095555.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2253707 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-AC-060 Section of LHC beampipe Tube a faisceau LHC 2009 Public A short section of the LHC beampipe including beam screen. Particle beams circulate for around 10 hours in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). During this time, the particles make four hundred million revolutions of the machine, travelling a distance equivalent to the diameter of the solar system. The beams must travel in a pipe which is emptied of air, to avoid collisions between the particles and air molecules (which are considerably bigger than protons). The beam pipes are pumped down to an air pressure similar to that on the surface of the moon. Emptying the air from the two 27 km long Large Hadron Collider beam-pipes is equivalent in volume to emptying the nave of the Notre Dame cathedral in Paris. Initially, the air pressure is reduced by pumping. Then, cold sections of the beam-pipe are further emptied using the temperature gradient across special beam-screens inside the tube where particles travel. The warm sections are emptied using a coating called a getter that works like molecular fly-paper. This vacuum technology has applications in high performance solar panels. More technical information: In the LHC, particles circulate under vacuum. The vacuum chamber can be at room temperature (for example, in the experimental areas), or at cryogenic temperature, in the superconductive magnets. This piece is located in the superconductive magnets. The outer pipe is the vacuum chamber, which is in contact with the magnets, at cryogenic temperature (1.9K). It is called the “cold bore”. The inner tube is the beam screen. Its main goal is to protect the magnets from the heat load coming from the synchrotron radiation. Indeed, when high energy protons’ trajectory is bent, photons are emitted by the beam. They are intercepted by the beam screen. The temperature of the beam screen is kept between 5 and 20K by a circulation of gaseous helium in the small pipes on both sides of the beam screen. As those surfaces are at cryogenic temperature. The residual gas present in the accelerator is sticking on the surfaces. This phenomenon called “adsorption” is used to maintain a very low pressure in the vacuum chamber of the accelerator. About materials: The cold bore is in stainless steel. The beam screen is in stainless steel with colaminated copper. Both those material have a low outgassing rates, which means that they release few molecules in the vacuum chamber. About beam and impedance: The goal of the copper, which has a good electrical conductivity, is to facilitate the circulation of the image current. The beam is composed of charged particules circulating: it is an electric current. When it is circulating, an image current is produced. It is called induction. If the image current cannot circulate properly, the beam is slowed down. About adsorption process: When the beam circulates, photons from synchrotron radiation are emitted and hit the beam screen. By doing so, they desorb molecules from the walls. The molecules are then pumped down on the outer pipe (where they cannot be reached by the photons anymore), through the small holes in the beam screen. Comments submitted after 01-09-2025 09:55 Une section du tube du faisceau du LHC, avec son écran de faisceau. Dans le LHC, les particules circulent sous vide. La chambre à vide est soit à température ambiante (par exemple dans les zones expérimentales), soit à température cryogénique, dans les aimants supraconducteurs. Cette pièce est située dans les aimants supraconducteurs. Le tube externe est la chambre à vide, qui est en contact avec les aimants, à la température de l’hélium superfluide (1.9 Kelvin). Il s’appelle le « cold bore ». Le tube interne est l’écran de faisceau. Son rôle principal est de protéger l’aimant contre la charge thermique créée par le rayonnement synchrotron. En effet, quand on dévie la trajectoire de protons à haute énergie, des photons sont émis par le faisceau. Ils sont intercepté par l’écran de faisceau. L’écran de faisceau est maintenu à une température entre 5 et 20 Kelvin par un flux d’hélium gazeux dans les petits tubes de part et d’autre de l’écran. Comme les surfaces sont à température cryogéniques, le gaz résiduel présent dans l’accélérateur colle aux surfaces. Ce phénomène s’appelle l’adsorption et est utilisé pour garder une pression très faible à l’intérieur de la chambre à vide de l’accélérateur. Matériaux : Le cold bore est en acier inoxydable. L’écran de faisceau en acier inoxydable avec du cuivre collaminé. Ces deux matériaux ont un taux de dégazage faible, ce qu’il veut dire qu’il émettent peu de molécules lorsqu’ils sont sous vide. Faisceau et impédance : Le but du cuivre, qui a une bonne conductivité électrique, et de faciliter la circulation du courant image. Le faisceau est composé de particules chargées en mouvement : c’est un courant électrique. Lorsqu’il circule, un courant image est produit. Cela s’appelle l’induction. Si le courant image est freiné, le faisceau est freiné. Procédé d’adsorption : Lorsque le faisceau circule, les photons du rayonnement synchrotron sont émis sur la surface de l’écran de faisceau. Ils désorbent alors les molécules qui sont collées sur la surface. Les molécules sont alors pompées sur le tube externe (cold bore), ou les photons ne peuvent plus les atteindre, à travers les petits trous visibles dans l’écran de faisceau. AC CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Accelerators and storage rings AC CERN LHC CERN CERN https://home.cern/about/engineering/vacuum-empty-interstellar-space About LHC as a vacuum system b. 282 - Reserved for Science Gateway 1286541 1748398 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2253707/files/AC60.JPG LHC beampipe 1286541 15697 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2253707/files/AC60.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 LHC beampipe 1286541 18626 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2253707/files/AC60.gif?subformat=icon icon LHC beampipe emma.sanders@cern.ch On loan n 201709 01/02/2019 Reserved for Science Gateway Rolf Landua, CERN exhibition IR-ECO and the Automnales exhibition (10-19/11) Bahrain, February - September 2019 500 CHF IR-ECO MICROCOSM 2253655 20210927101922.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2253655 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-AC-048 Niobium Titanium and Copper wire samples Echantillons de fils supra (niobium titane) et cuivre 2009 Public Two wire samples, both for carrying 13'000Amperes. I sample is copper. The other is the Niobium Titanium wiring used in the LHC magnets. The high magnetic fields needed for guiding particles around the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) ring are created by passing 12’500 amps of current through coils of superconducting wiring. At very low temperatures, superconductors have no electrical resistance and therefore no power loss. The LHC is the largest superconducting installation ever built. The magnetic field must also be extremely uniform. This means the current flowing in the coils has to be very precisely controlled. Indeed, nowhere before has such precision been achieved at such high currents. Magnet coils are made of copper-clad niobium–titanium cables — each wire in the cable consists of 9’000 niobium–titanium filaments ten times finer than a hair. The cables carry up to 12’500 amps and must withstand enormous electromagnetic forces. At full field, the force on one metre of magnet is comparable to the weight of a jumbo jet. Coil winding requires great care to prevent movements as the field changes. Friction can create hot spots which “quench” the magnet and ruin its superconductivity. A quench in any of the LHC superconducting magnets would stop machine operation. 50’000 tonnes of steel sheets are used to make the magnet yokes that keep the wiring firmly in place. The yokes constitute approximately 80% of the accelerator's weight and, placed side by side, stretch over 20 km! Comments submitted after 27-09-2021 10:19 Une comparaison du fil d'aimant LHC qui porte 13kA et l'équivalent en cuivre qui serait nécessaire pour transporter un tel courant. About LHC superconducting wiring: The high magnetic fields needed for the LHC can only be reached using superconductors. At very low temperatures, superconductors have no electrical resistance and therefore no power loss. The LHC will be the largest superconducting installation ever built and, at 1.9 degrees above absolute zero (300 degrees below room temperature), one of the the coldest objects in the universe! Magnet coils are made of copper-clad niobium–titanium cables — each wire in the cable consists of 9000 niobium–titanium filaments ten times finer than a hair. The cables carry up to 12 500 amps and must withstand enormous electromagnetic forces. At full field, the force on one metre of magnet is comparable to the weight of a jumbo jet. Coil winding requires great care to prevent movements as the field changes. Friction can create hot spots which “quench” the magnet and ruin its superconductivity. A quench in any of the LHC superconducting magnets would stop machine operation. À propos du câble Nb-Ti: le câble est constitué de 36 brins de fil supraconducteur, chaque brin a un diamètre de 0,825 mm et abrite 6300 filaments supraconducteurs de niobium-titane (Nb-Ti, un alliage supraconducteur). Chaque filament a un diamètre d'environ 0,006 mm, c'est-à-dire 10 fois plus petit qu'un cheveu humain typique. Les filaments sont incorporés dans une matrice de cuivre de haute pureté. Le cuivre est un matériau conducteur normal. Les filaments sont dans l'état supraconducteur lorsque la température est inférieure à -263ºC (10,15 K). Lorsque les filaments quittent l'état supraconducteur, le cuivre agit comme un conducteur qui transporte le courant électrique. Chaque brin du câble NbTi (à l'état supraconducteur) a une densité de courant supérieure à 2000 A / mm2 à 9 T et -271ºC (2,15 K). Un transport par câble d'un courant d'environ 13000 A à 10 T et -271ºC (2,15 K). AC CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Accelerators and storage rings AC CERN LHC CERN CERN 282 1362359 1400556 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2253655/files/AC48.jpg 1362360 1744887 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2253655/files/AC48b.jpg 1362359 16817 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2253655/files/AC48.gif?subformat=icon icon 1362359 45121 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2253655/files/AC48.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 1362360 44789 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2253655/files/AC48b.gif?subformat=icon icon 1362360 65763 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2253655/files/AC48b.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 emma.sanders@cern.ch Available n 201709 Reserved for Science Gateway IR-ECO and the Automnales exhibition (10-19/11) On wooden plinth, no box LHC cable unwound 28cm No 60cm 50cm 100 CHF 70kg Amalia Ballarino IR-ECO MICROCOSM 2289743 20210927151255.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2289743 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-AC-064 LHC accelerating cavity prototype Prototype de cavité RF du LHC pierre.maesen@cern.ch Pierre Maesen Public Particles are accelerated using radio-frequency cavities. These contain an electric field which oscillates at just the right frequency to give a kick to the charged particles passing through. Comments submitted after 27-09-2021 15:11 Une cavité radiofréquence (RF) est une enceinte métallique qui abrite un champ électromagnétique. Son rôle principal est d'accélérer des particules chargées. Les cavités RF sont disposées comme des perles sur un fil : les perles sont les cavités, et le fil représente le tube de faisceau d’un accélérateur, à travers lequel les particules se déplacent dans le vide. AC CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Accelerators and storage rings AC CERN LHC CERN CERN https://home.cern/about/engineering/radiofrequency-cavities More about radiofrequency cavities 282 2247568 2078946 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2289743/files/LHC accelerating cavity prototype (i).JPG CERN-OBJ-AC-064_i 2247569 1992911 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2289743/files/LHC accelerating cavity prototype (ii).JPG CERN-OBJ-AC-064_ii 2247568 32895 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2289743/files/LHC accelerating cavity prototype (i).jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 CERN-OBJ-AC-064_i 2247568 36402 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2289743/files/LHC accelerating cavity prototype (i).gif?subformat=icon icon CERN-OBJ-AC-064_i 2247569 31220 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2289743/files/LHC accelerating cavity prototype (ii).jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 CERN-OBJ-AC-064_ii 2247569 34876 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2289743/files/LHC accelerating cavity prototype (ii).gif?subformat=icon icon CERN-OBJ-AC-064_ii afroditi.anastasaki@cern.ch Available n 201742 Reserved for Science Gateway (past) Science London Museum - loan to Alison Boyle 150kg / 290kg with the travel box MICROCOSM 2289744 20210415145753.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2289744 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-AC-065 LHC beampipe interconnection Interconnexion du tube de faisceau du LHC emma.sanders@cern.ch Emma Sanders Public Particle beams circulate for around 10 hours in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). During this time, the particles make four hundred million revolutions of the machine, travelling a distance equivalent to the diameter of the solar system. The beams must travel in a pipe which is emptied of air, to avoid collisions between the particles and air molecules (which are considerably bigger than protons). The beam pipes are pumped down to an air pressure similar to that on the surface of the moon. Much of the LHC runs at 1.9 degrees above absolute zero. When material is cooled, it contracts. The interconnections must absorb this contraction whilst maintaining electrical connectivity. Comments submitted after 21-12-2017 15:30 AC CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Accelerators and storage rings AC CERN LHC CERN Museum Heritage Collection CERN CERN 1361218 46811 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2289744/files/AC065.jpg 1361218 13964 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2289744/files/AC065.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 1361218 42171 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2289744/files/AC065.gif?subformat=icon icon afroditi.anastasaki@cern.ch Available n 201742 21/09/2017 (past) Science London Museum 10cm 17.5 cm 4.000 CHF MICROCOSM 2264550 20210415145813.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2264550 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-DE-073 ATLAS muon detector Détecteur a muon d’ATLAS Public Muon detectors from the outer layer of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Over a million individual detectors combine to make up the outer layer of ATLAS. All of this is exclusively to track the muons, the only detectable particles to make it out so far from the collision point. How the muon’s path curves in the magnetic field depends on how fast it is travelling. A fast muon curves only a very little, a slower one curves a lot. Together with the calorimeters, the muon detectors play an essential role in deciding which collisions to store and which to ignore. Certain signals from muons are a sure sign of exciting discoveries. To make sure the data from these collisions is not lost, some of the muon detectors react very quickly and trigger the electronics to record. The other detectors take a little longer, but are much more precise. Their job is to measure exactly where the muons have passed, calculating the curvature of their tracks in the magnetic field to the nearest five hundredths of a millimetre. Even these precision detectors are not exactly sluggish – they react within a millionth of a second. Such a fast response is essential when new collisions are occurring in the centre of ATLAS 40 million times every second! This muon detector is a drift tube - an aluminium tube with a wall thickness of some 1/10 mm that is filled with a special gas mixture. Inside the tube there is a wire that is tightened all over the length of the tube and fixed at the end caps. Particles (or ionizing radiation) that enter the tube ionize the gas molecules and liberate electrons. Since there is a high voltage between the wire and the tube wall, the released negatively charged electrons move towards the wire in the centre of the tube. On their way to the central wire, the moving electrons induce an electric signal that can be amplified and registered by further electronics. Comments submitted after 22-12-2017 15:44 Couverture plexi DE CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Detectors and experimental techniques DE CERN LHC CERN ATLAS CERN Muon CERN detector CERN Museum Heritage Collection CERN CERN 1312616 1425748 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2264550/files/DE73.JPG 1312617 1643056 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2264550/files/DE73b.JPG 1312616 15661 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2264550/files/DE73.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 1312616 19280 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2264550/files/DE73.gif?subformat=icon icon 1312617 17331 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2264550/files/DE73b.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 1312617 18727 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2264550/files/DE73b.gif?subformat=icon icon afroditi.anastasaki@cern.ch Available n 201720 With box 0.67m 0.6m 0.67m (including presentation base) Comes in case with plexi-glass cover. 1kg (including base) ATLAS MICROCOSM 2254084 20210423093816.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2254084 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-DE-079 ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter 2m prototype Module Zero du calorimètre à Argon liquide d’ATLAS 1990 Claire Bouradrios Public This module was built and tested with beam to validate the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter design. One original design feature is the folding. 10 000 lead plates and electrodes are folded into an accordion shape and immersed in liquid argon. As they cross the folds, particles are slowed down by the lead. As they collide with the lead atoms, electrons and photons are ejected. There is a knock-on effect and as they continue on into the argon, a whole shower is produced. The electrodes collect up all the electrons and this signal gives a measurement of the energy of the initial particle. This 2 m long module dates back to the first detector studies for the LHC in the 1990’s. It was built by the R&D collaboration RD-3 to evaluate the performances of liquid argon calorimetry for the physics programme - the search for the Higgs boson decays into two photons, in particular. After the choice of that technology by the ATLAS collaboration, the design of its elements were reassessed in view of production and a new module was tested in the CERN beam lines, leading to the Technical Design Report in 1996. Comments submitted after 23-04-2021 09:37 Ce module a été construit et testé en faisceau pour valider le design du calorimeter électromagnetique d’ATLAS. DE CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Detectors and experimental techniques DE ; LHC ; ATLAS ; Calorimeter ; Calorimetre ; Museum Heritage Collection CERN CERN http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/883909/files/phep-2005-034.pdf 879 2290274 6054914 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2254084/files/DE113.JPG 2290275 1648494 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2254084/files/Photo of the module taken in 2018.jpg 2290274 21727 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2254084/files/DE113.gif?subformat=icon icon 2290274 91225 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2254084/files/DE113.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 2290275 16232 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2254084/files/Photo of the module taken in 2018.gif?subformat=icon icon 2290275 69985 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2254084/files/Photo of the module taken in 2018.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 emma.sanders@cern.ch Available n 201709 60 cm 2 m 60 cm The top absorber cuts follow the “pointing geometry”, i.e. the angles of particles created at the proton-proton interaction point. For transport, please note that there are 4 rings for lifting (4 anneaux de levage M12 femelle (CMU à 120° 960kg). In very good shape. 750 kg LAL engineer (currently Aboud Fallou) ATLAS LAr project leader MICROCOSM 43998 SzGeCERN 20211011175354.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:43998 cerncds:FULLTEXT OBJOBJ 0000280 CERN-OBJ-DE-068 eng CMS Tracker Model Détecteur de trace de CMS -- Antti.Onnela@cern.ch Antti Onnela Public Model of the tracking detector for the CMS experiment at the LHC. This object is a mock-up of an early design of the CMS Tracker mechanics. It is a segment of a “Wheel” to support Micro-Strip Gas Chamber (MSGC) detector modules on the outer layers and silicon-strip detector modules in the innermost layers. The particularity of that design is that modules are organised in spirals, along which power and optical cables and cooling pipes were planned to be routed. Some of such spirals are illustrated in the mock-up by the colors of the modules. With the detector development it became, however, evident that the silicon detectors would need to be operated in LHC experiments in cold temperatures, while the MSGC could stay in normal room-temperature. That split in two temperatures lead to separating those two detector types by a thermal barrier and therefore jeopardizing the idea of using common, vertical Wheels with services arranged along spirals. Comments submitted after 11-10-2021 17:53 Modèle de détecteur de trace pour l'expérience CMS du LHC SzGeCERN Detector DE CERN LHC CERN Museum Heritage Collection CERN http://documents.cern.ch/cgi-bin/setlink?base=PHO&categ=photo-objects&id=obj-de-068 Access to the pictures 282 http://documents.cern.ch/photo/photo-objects/icon-obj-de-068.gif icon http://documents.cern.ch/cgi-bin/setlink?base=PHO&categ=photo-objects&id=obj-de-068 1 Access to the pictures http://cds.cern.ch/record/43998/files/obj-de-068.jpeg Access to the pictures 83411 692156 http://cds.cern.ch/record/43998/files/obj-de-068.gif?subformat=icon icon 83411 33026 expo.microcosm@cern.ch n 200110 1.9 m 1.9 m 0.55 m 90 kg 55 20040210 1042 MMD01 20010403 PUBLIC 000005480MMD MICROCOSM 2235799 20211011175528.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2235799 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-DE-074 ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker - small piece 2006 Public The ATLAS transition radiation tracker is made of 300'000 straw tubes, up to 144cm long. Filled with a gas mixture and threaded with a wire, each straw is a complete mini-detector in its own right. An electric field is applied between the wire and the outside wall of the straw. As particles pass through, they collide with atoms in the gas, knocking out electrons. The avalanche of electrons is detected as an electrical signal on the wire in the centre. The tracker plays two important roles. Firstly, it makes more position measurements, giving more dots for the computers to join up to recreate the particle tracks. Also, together with the ATLAS calorimeters, it distinguishes between different types of particles depending on whether they emit radiation as they make the transition from the surrounding foil into the straws. Comments submitted after 11-10-2021 17:55 DE CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Detectors and experimental techniques DE CERN LHC CERN CERN http://atlas.cern/discover/detector/inner-detector Description of the ATLAS inner detector https://cds.cern.ch/record/1537991 ATLAS note CERN User's Office 1257677 2077629 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2235799/files/ATLAS TRT.JPG 1257677 19878 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2235799/files/ATLAS TRT.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 1257677 22520 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2235799/files/ATLAS TRT.gif?subformat=icon icon emma.sanders@cern.ch On loan n 201648 30cm 9cm 30cm 30cm Comes in case with plexi-glass cover 500g aprox Neil Dixon, Fido Dittus, Christoph Rembser ATLAS MICROCOSM