2284723 20210415145755.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2284723 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-AC-037 LEP superconducting accelerating cavity module Module de cavité accélératrice supraconductrice LEP 1995 Marco.Silari@cern.ch Marco Silari Public With its 27-kilometre circumference, the Large Electron-Positron (LEP) collider was the largest electron-positron accelerator ever built. The excavation of the LEP tunnel was Europe’s largest civil-engineering project prior to the Channel Tunnel. Three tunnel-boring machines started excavating the tunnel in February 1985 and the ring was completed three years later. In its first phase of operation, LEP consisted of 5176 magnets and 128 accelerating cavities. CERN’s accelerator complex provided the particles and four enormous detectors, ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL, observed the collisions. LEP was commissioned in July 1989 and the first beam circulated in the collider on 14 July. The collider's initial energy was chosen to be around 91 GeV, so that Z bosons could be produced. The Z boson and its charged partner the W boson, both discovered at CERN in 1983, are responsible for the weak force, which drives the Sun, for example. Observing the creation and decay of the short-lived Z boson was a critical test of the Standard Model. In the seven years that LEP operated at around 100 GeV it produced around 17 million Z particles. In 1995 LEP was upgraded for a second operation phase, with as many as 288 superconducting accelerating cavities added to double the energy so that the collisions could produce pairs of W bosons. The collider's energy eventually topped 209 GeV in 2000. This object is one of the superconducting cavities from this epoch. Comments submitted after 21-12-2017 15:12 Avec ses 27 kilomètres de circonférence, le LEP était – et est encore – le plus grand accélérateur électron-positon jamais construit. L’excavation du LEP fut le plus vaste chantier européen avant le tunnel sous la Manche. Trois tunneliers ont commencé les travaux d’excavation en février 1985, et l’anneau a été terminé trois ans plus tard. Dans sa première phase de fonctionnement, le LEP comportait 5176 aimants et 128 cavités accélératrices. Le complexe d’accélérateurs du CERN fournissait les particules et quatre énormes détecteurs, ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 et OPAL, observaient les collisions. Le LEP a été mis en service en juillet 1989 et le premier faisceau a circulé le 14 juillet. L’énergie initiale du collisionneur était d'environ 91 GeV, afin de permettre la production de bosons Z. Le boson Z, et son partenaire chargé, le boson W, tous deux découverts au CERN en 1983, sont les vecteurs de la force faible, celle qui est à l'origine de l'énergie du Soleil, par exemple. Observer la création et la désintégration du boson Z, particule éphémère, était important pour la confirmation du Modèle standard. Au cours des sept ans au cours desquels le LEP a fonctionné aux environs de 100 GeV, il a produit environ 17 millions de particules Z. En 1995, le LEP a été amélioré, en vue d’une deuxième phase de fonctionnement ; 288 cavités accélératrices supraconductrices ont été ajoutées en vue de doubler l’énergie, afin que les collisions puissent produire des paires de bosons W. L’énergie du collisionneur a finalement atteint 209 GeV en 2000. En 11 années de fonctionnement, les expériences du LEP ont permis une étude détaillée de l’interaction électrofaible. Les mesures effectuées au LEP ont également montré qu’il existe trois – et seulement trois – générations de particules de matière. Le LEP a été arrêté le 2 novembre 2000 pour permettre la construction dans le même tunnel du Grand collisionneur de hadrons (LHC). AC CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Accelerators and storage rings AC CERN LEP CERN Museum Heritage Collection CERN CERN 1349856 2041038 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284723/files/AC037.jpg 1349857 2608659 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284723/files/Memorandum .pdf 1349856 10597 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284723/files/AC037.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 1349856 21237 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284723/files/AC037.gif?subformat=icon icon 1349857 11362 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284723/files/Memorandum .gif?subformat=icon icon 1349857 14453 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284723/files/Memorandum .jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 1349857 3299863 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284723/files/Memorandum .pdf?subformat=pdfa pdfa 1349858 248496 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284723/files/Annex .pdf Results of radiological measurements 1349858 15560 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284723/files/Annex .gif?subformat=icon icon Results of radiological measurements 1349858 16011 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284723/files/Annex .jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 Results of radiological measurements 1349858 3028425 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284723/files/Annex .pdf?subformat=pdfa pdfa Results of radiological measurements afroditi.anastasaki@cern.ch Available n 201738 MICROCOSM 2284288 20210415145759.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2284288 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-AC-014 LEP beampipe section Section de tuyau de faisceau LEP 1989 Public Short section of beampipe from the Large Electron Positron collider (LEP, for short). With its 27-kilometre circumference, LEP was the largest electron-positron accelerator ever built and ran from 1989 to 2000 at CERN. During 11 years of research, LEP's experiments provided a detailed study of the electroweak interaction. Measurements performed at LEP also proved that there are three – and only three – generations of particles of matter. LEP was closed down on 2 November 2000 to make way for the construction of the Large Hadron Collider in the same tunnel. Comments submitted after 25-10-2018 08:08 section courte du tuyau de faisceau AC CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Accelerators and storage rings AC CERN LEP CERN Museum Heritage Collection CERN CERN 282 1349208 1117141 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284288/files/AC14.JPG 1349208 16889 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284288/files/AC14.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 1349208 19441 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2284288/files/AC14.gif?subformat=icon icon afroditi.anastasaki@cern.ch Available n 201737 8cm 22.5cm 12.5cm 500g MICROCOSM 2289741 20240320145407.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2289741 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-AC-063 Rock samples from LEP/LHC tunnel excavation 1985 Public Rock samples taken from 0 to 170 m below ground on the CERN site when the LEP (Large Electron Positron collider) pit number 6 was drilled in Bois-chatton (Versonnex). The challenges of LHC civil engineering: A mosaic of works, structures and workers of differents crafts and origins. Three consulting consortia for the engineering and the follow-up of the works. Four industrial consortia for doing the job. A young team of 25 CERN staff, 30 surface buildings, 32 caverns of all sizes, 170 000 m3 of concrete, 420 000 m3 excavated. 1998-2004 : six years of work and 340 millions Swiss Francs. Comments submitted after 20-03-2024 14:49 Echantillons de roches prélevés jusqu'à 170m de profondeur sur le site du CERN lors du forage du puits 6 du LEP (Large Electron Positron collider) à Bois-chatton (Versonnex). AC CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Accelerators and storage rings AC CERN LHC CERN CERN https://cds.cern.ch/record/732066?ln=es Video: The challenges of LHC civil engineering Science Gateway Accelerate 1361216 12843 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2289741/files/AC063.gif 1361216 12843 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2289741/files/AC063.gif?subformat=icon icon 1361216 12843 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2289741/files/AC063.gif?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 afroditi.anastasaki@cern.ch On loan n 201742 Science Gateway 18cm 27cm 102cm MICROCOSM 43879 SzGeCERN 20210415145804.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:43879 cerncds:FULLTEXT OBJOBJ 0000154 CERN-OBJ-AC-011 Slice of a LEP bending magnet Tranche d'un aimant dipole du LEP 1989 Public This is a slice of a Large Electron Positron collider (LEP, for short) dipole bending magnet, made as a concrete and iron sandwich The bending field needed in LEP is small (about 1000 Gauss), equivalent to two of the magnets people stick on fridge doors. Because it is very difficult to keep a low field steady, a high field was used in iron plates embedded in concrete. A CERN breakthrough in magnet design, LEP dipoles can be tuned easily and are cheaper than conventional magnets. With its 27-kilometre circumference, LEP was the largest electron-positron accelerator ever built and ran from 1989 to 2000 at CERN. Comments submitted after 21-12-2017 15:06 Ceci est une tranche d'un aimant de courbure dipôle du LEP, sandwich composé de béton et d'acier. Le champ de courbure nécessaire au LEP est faible (environ 1000 Gauss), l'équivalent de deux aimants semblables à ceux que l'on fixe sur sa porte de réfrigérateur. Comme il est très difficile de garder un champ faible stable, un champ de haute intensité a été utilisé dans des plaques d'acier coulées dans le béton. Grâce à cette avancée du CERN dans la conception des aimants, les dipôles du LEP ont pu être facilement réglés et sont moins chers que les aimants conventionnels. CERN EDS SzGeCERN Accelerator AC CERN LEP CERN Museum Heritage Collection CERN http://documents.cern.ch/cgi-bin/setlink?base=PHO&categ=photo-objects&id=obj-ac-011 Access to the pictures http://www.cern.ch/Public/ACCELERATORS/LepAcc.html more about LEP 1st page http://www.cern.ch/public/SCIENCE/lepcolexp.html 2nd page http://outreach.cern.ch/Public/cern/PicturePacks/z_story/captions.html#photo6 3rd page http://www.cern.ch/Public/ACCELERATORS/LepAcc_fr.html <i>Sur le LEP 1ere page</i> http://www.cern.ch/public/SCIENCE/lepcolexp_fr.html <i>2eme page</i> 282 http://documents.cern.ch/photo/photo-objects/icon-obj-ac-011.gif icon http://documents.cern.ch/cgi-bin/setlink?base=PHO&categ=photo-objects&id=obj-ac-011 1 Access to the pictures http://www.cern.ch/Public/ACCELERATORS/LepAcc.html more about LEP 1st page http://www.cern.ch/public/SCIENCE/lepcolexp.html 2nd page http://outreach.cern.ch/Public/cern/PicturePacks/z_story/captions.html#photo6 3rd page http://www.cern.ch/Public/ACCELERATORS/LepAcc_fr.html <i>Sur le LEP 1ere page</i> http://www.cern.ch/public/SCIENCE/lepcolexp_fr.html <i>2eme page</i> http://cds.cern.ch/record/43879/files/obj-ac-011.jpeg Access to the pictures 83028 230658 http://cds.cern.ch/record/43879/files/obj-ac-011.gif?subformat=icon icon 83028 20054 expo.microcosm@cern.ch Available n 199929 Microcosm Exhibition (CERN) 54cm 50cm 60cm 229kg 55 20040210 1042 MMD01 19990720 PUBLIC 000005361MMD MICROCOSM 43833 SzGeCERN 20211011175351.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:43833 cerncds:FULLTEXT OBJOBJ 0000107 CERN-OBJ-AC-009 LEP tunnel monorail Monorail du LEP 1985 Public A monorail from CERN's Large Electron Positron collider (LEP, for short). It ran around the 27km tunnel, transporting equipment and personnel. With its 27-kilometre circumference, LEP was the largest electron-positron accelerator ever built and ran from 1989 to 2000. During 11 years of research, LEP's experiments provided a detailed study of the electroweak interaction. Measurements performed at LEP also proved that there are three – and only three – generations of particles of matter. LEP was closed down on 2 November 2000 to make way for the construction of the Large Hadron Collider in the same tunnel. Comments submitted after 11-10-2021 17:51 Un train monorail circule le long du tunnel du LEP(Large Electron Positron collider), long de 27 km. Il transporte tout l'équipement utilisé pour la construction de l'accélérateur. CERN EDS SzGeCERN Accelerator AC CERN LEP CERN Museum Heritage Collection CERN http://documents.cern.ch/cgi-bin/setlink?base=PHO&categ=photo-objects&id=obj-ac-009 Access to the pictures http://www.cern.ch/Public/ACCELERATORS/LepAcc.html More about LEP 1st page http://www.cern.ch/public/SCIENCE/lepcolexp.html 2nd page http://outreach.cern.ch/Public/cern/PicturePacks/z_story/captions.html#photo6 3rd page http://www.cern.ch/Public/ACCELERATORS/LepAcc_fr.html <i> Sur le LEP 1ere page</I> http://www.cern.ch/public/SCIENCE/lepcolexp_fr.html <i> 2eme page</I> 282 http://documents.cern.ch/photo/photo-objects/icon-obj-ac-009.gif icon http://documents.cern.ch/cgi-bin/setlink?base=PHO&categ=photo-objects&id=obj-ac-009 1 Access to the pictures http://www.cern.ch/Public/ACCELERATORS/LepAcc.html More about LEP 1st page http://www.cern.ch/public/SCIENCE/lepcolexp.html 2nd page http://outreach.cern.ch/Public/cern/PicturePacks/z_story/captions.html#photo6 3rd page http://www.cern.ch/Public/ACCELERATORS/LepAcc_fr.html <i> Sur le LEP 1ere page</I> http://www.cern.ch/public/SCIENCE/lepcolexp_fr.html <i> 2eme page</I> http://cds.cern.ch/record/43833/files/obj-ac-009.jpeg Access to the pictures 82898 291054 http://cds.cern.ch/record/43833/files/obj-ac-009.gif?subformat=icon icon 82898 22887 expo.microcosm@cern.ch n 199927 (past) Microcosm 315 kg 55 20040210 1042 MMD01 19990707 PUBLIC 000005314MMD MICROCOSM 2266346 20210415145758.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:2266346 cerncds:FULLTEXT CERN-OBJ-DE-085 Prototype for the ALEPH Time Projection Chamber Prototype de la plaque d'extrémité de la chambre de projection d'heure ALEPH (TPC) 1980 Public This is a prototype endplate piece constructed during R&D for the ALEPH Time Projection Chamber (TPC). ALEPH was one of 4 experiments at CERN's 27km Large Electron Positron collider (LEP) that ran from 1989 to 2000. ALEPH's TPC was a large-volume tracking chamber, 4.4 metres long and 3.6 metres in diameter - the largest TPC in existance at the time. This object is one of the endplates of a “Kind” sector, the smallest of the three types of sectors. The patterns etched into the copper form the cathode pads that measured particle track coordinates in the r-phi direction. It included a laser calibration system, a gating system to prevent space charge buildup, and a new radial pad geometry to improve resolution. the ALEPH TPC allowed for precise momentum measurements of the high-momentum particles from W and Z decays. The following institutes participated: CERN, Athens, Glasgow, Mainz, MPI Munich, INFN-Pisa, INFN-Trieste, Wisconsin. Comments submitted after 22-12-2017 09:17 Prototype de la chambre de projection de temps ALEPH (TPC), une caméra de suivi de volume important. C'est l'une des extrémités d'un secteur "type", le plus petit des trois types de secteurs. Les motifs gravés dans le cuivre forment les tampons cathodiques qui mesurent les coordonnées des pistes de particules dans la direction r-phi. Le TPC d'ALEPH était le plus grand TPC à l'époque. Il comprenait un système d'étalonnage au laser, un système de verrouillage pour éviter l'accumulation de charge dans l'espace et une nouvelle géométrie de pad radial pour améliorer la résolution. L'ALEPH TPC a permis des mesures précises de l'élan des particules à fort momentum des décades W et Z. Les instituts suivants ont participé: CERN, Athènes, Glasgow, Mayence, MPI à Munich, INFN-Pisa, INFN-Trieste, Wisconsin. DE CERN Invenio WebSubmit GENSBM 1 SzGeCERN Detectors and experimental techniques DE CERN LEP CERN Detector CERN ALEPH CERN Time Projection Chamber CERN Museum Heritage Collection CERN CERN 282 1316550 3441199 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2266346/files/DE085.JPG 1316550 16585 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2266346/files/DE085.gif?subformat=icon icon 1316550 82723 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2266346/files/DE085.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 1318800 2146421 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2266346/files/DE085b.jpg 1318800 36685 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2266346/files/DE085b.jpg?subformat=icon-180 icon-180 1318800 43828 http://cds.cern.ch/record/2266346/files/DE085b.gif?subformat=icon icon afroditi.anastasaki@cern.ch Available n 201722 597 mm (top-bottom flat edges) MICROCOSM 43978 SzGeCERN 20210415145810.0 oai:cds.cern.ch:43978 cerncds:FULLTEXT OBJOBJ 0000257 CERN-OBJ-DE-057 eng Array of lead-glass blocks from OPAL OPAL: 96 bloc de verre dopé de plomb Public OPAL was one of the 4 experiments at CERN's Large Electron Positron collider (LEP) which ran from 1989 - 2000. This array of 96 lead glass bricks formed part of the OPAL electromagnetic calorimeter. In total, there were 9440 lead glass counters in the OPAL electromagnetic calorimeter, made of Schott type SF57 glass and each block weighs about 25 kg and consists of 76% PbO by weight. Each block has a Hamamatsu R2238 photomultiplier glued on to it. The complete detector was in the form of a cylinder 7m long and 6m in diameter. It was used to measure the energy of electrons and photons produced in LEP electron positron collisions. Comments submitted after 21-12-2017 16:23 SzGeCERN Detector DE CERN LEP CERN lead glass CERN Calorimeter CERN Detector CERN electromagnetic CERN Museum Heritage Collection CERN http://opal.web.cern.ch/Opal/ OPAL experiment http://preprints.cern.ch/cgi-bin/setlink?base=PHO&categ=photo-objects&id=obj-de-057 Access to the pictures 282 http://documents.cern.ch/photo/photo-objects/icon-obj-de-057.gif icon http://opal.web.cern.ch/Opal/ OPAL experiment http://preprints.cern.ch/cgi-bin/setlink?base=PHO&categ=photo-objects&id=obj-de-057 1 Access to the pictures http://cds.cern.ch/record/43978/files/obj-de-057.jpeg Access to the pictures 83351 229120 http://cds.cern.ch/record/43978/files/obj-de-057.gif?subformat=icon icon 83351 28276 expo.microcosm@cern.ch Available n 200105 1m 2m 5 tons 55 20040210 1042 MMD01 20010302 PUBLIC 000005460MMD MICROCOSM