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  <contributors>
    <authors>
      <author>Garvey, J.</author>
      <author>Hillier, S.</author>
      <author>Mahout, G.</author>
      <author>Moye, T. H.</author>
      <author>Staley, R. J.</author>
      <author>Watkins, P.M.</author>
      <author>Watson, A.</author>
      <author>Achenbach, R.</author>
      <author>Hanke, P.</author>
      <author>Kluge, E-E.</author>
      <author>Meier, K.</author>
      <author>Meshkov, P.</author>
      <author>Nix, O.</author>
      <author>Penno, K.</author>
      <author>Schmitt, K.</author>
      <author>Ay, C.</author>
      <author>Bauss, B.</author>
      <author>Dahlhoff, A.</author>
      <author>Jakobs, K.</author>
      <author>Mahboubi, K.</author>
      <author>Schäfer, U.</author>
      <author>Trefzger, T.</author>
      <author>Eisenhandler, E.</author>
      <author>Landon, M.</author>
      <author>Moyse, E.</author>
      <author>Thomas, J.</author>
      <author>Apostoglou, P.</author>
      <author>Barnett, B. M.</author>
      <author>Brawn, I.P.</author>
      <author>Davis, A.O.</author>
      <author>Edwards, J.</author>
      <author>Gee, C. N. P.</author>
      <author>Gillman, A. R.</author>
      <author>Perera, V. J. O.</author>
      <author>Qian, W.</author>
      <author>Bohm, C.</author>
      <author>Hellman, S.</author>
      <author>Hidvégi, A.</author>
      <author>Silverstein, S.</author>
    </authors>
  </contributors>
  <titles>
    <title/>
    <secondary-title/>
  </titles>
  <doi/>
  <pages/>
  <volume/>
  <number/>
  <keywords>
    <keyword>trigger</keyword>
    <keyword>calorimeter</keyword>
    <keyword>FPGA</keyword>
    <keyword>Level-1</keyword>
    <keyword>ATLAS</keyword>
    <keyword>pipeline</keyword>
  </keywords>
  <dates>
    <year>2003</year>
    <pub-dates>
      <date>31 May 2003</date>
    </pub-dates>
  </dates>
  <abstract>The architecture of the ATLAS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger system (L1Calo) is presented. Common approaches have been adopted for data distribution, result merging, readout, and slow control across the three different subsystems. A significant amount of common hardware is utilized, yielding substantial savings in cost, spares, and development effort. A custom, high-density backplane has been developed with data paths suitable for both the em/tt cluster processor (CP) and jet/energy-summation processor (JEP) subsystems. Common modules also provide interfaces to VME, CANbus and the LHC Timing, Trigger and Control system (TTC). A common data merger module (CMM) uses FPGAs with multiple configurations for summing electron/photon and tau/hadron cluster multiplicities, jet multiplicities, or total and missing transverse energy. The CMM performs both crate- and system-level merging. A common, FPGA-based readout driver (ROD) is used by all of the subsystems to send input, intermediate and output data to the data acquisition system (DAQ), and region-of-interest (RoI) data to the level-2 triggers. Extensive use of FPGAs throughout the system makes the trigger flexible and upgradeable, and several architectural choices have been made to reduce the number of inter-crate links and make the hardware more robust.</abstract>
</record>

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