Nucl. Instrum. Methods Nucl. Instrum. Methods 0029-554X The multiwire drift chamber a new type of proportional wire chamber Walenta Albert H Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg Heintze J Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg Schürlein B Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 1971 92 373 380 research-article

Nucl. Instrum. Methods Nucl. Instrum. Methods 0029-554X Accurate computer simulation of a drift chamber Killian T J CERN 1980 176 355 62 The author describes a general purpose program for drift chamber studies. First the capacitance matrix is calculated using a Green's function technique. The matrix is used in a linear-least-squares fit to choose optimal operating voltages. Next the electric field is computed, and given knowledge of gas parameters and magnetic field environment, a family of electron trajectories is determined. These are finally used to make drift distance vs time curves which may be used directly by a track reconstruction program. The results are compared with data obtained from the cylindrical chamber in the Axial Field Magnet experiment at the CERN ISR. (1 refs). research-article

Phys. Teach. Phys. Teach. New particle detectors : the multiwire proportional chamber and the drift chamber (teaching) Charpak Georges Southworth Brian 1977 15 26 31 The principles of operation of the two detectors are described and some applications outlined. (2 refs). research-article

Simulation of ionization and scintillation signals in a liquid ionization drift chamber Shimoyama T Mayajima M Shibamura E 2000 research-article

Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A 0167-5087 Simulation study of electron drift and gas multiplication in Micro Pixel Chamber Nagayoshi T Takada A Kubo H Miuchi K Orito R Okada Y Takeda A Tanimori T Ueno M Bouianov O Bouianov M 2005 546 457 465 The physical processes of charge collection and gas multiplication of a Micro Pixel Chamber (mu-PIC) were studied in detail using a three-dimensional simulation. The collection efficiencies of primary electrons and gas multiplication factors were calculated for several electrode structures. Based on those studies, we analyzed the optimization of the electrode structure of the mu-PIC, in order to obtain a high gas gain of more than 10^4 and a simultaneous suppression of discharges. Consequently, we found that these characteristics strongly depend on the substrate thickness and the anode diameter of the mu-PIC. In addition, a gas gain of 10^5 would be expected for a mu-PIC having a thick substrate of > 150um. research-article

Thermal influences of the front-end electronics on the ALICE TPC readout chamber Popescu Sorina Frankenfeld Ulrich Schmidt Hans Rudolf 2004 The ALICE TPC detector will be operated with a gas mixture of 90% Ne and 10% CO/sub 2/ at the electric field of 400 V/cm. Recent studies favor a three-component mixture by adding about 5% N/sub 2/, which will improve the stability of the gas against discharges. These operating parameters lead to a non-saturated drift velocity for electrons but also impose that all external influences on the drift gas must be reduced to minimum. The most problematic influence is temperature variation, which can lead to local fluctuation in the gas density and therefore directly affects the drift velocity. For the Alice TPC, the aim is to have a temperature stability of 0.1 degrees C over the full drift length (2.5 m). The main heat contribution comes from the readout chambers front-end electronics and one estimates that a total of 30.2 kW must be removed. The test results discussed here give qualitative and quantitative information about the thermal behavior of the chambers for validation of the TPC cooling strategy. research-article

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1347-4065 Measurement of electron drift velocities in the mixture of Xe and He for a new high-pressure Xe gamma-ray detector Kobayashi S Doke T Dmitrenko V V 2003 42 333 334 Drift velocities of electrons in a mixture of Xe (20 atm)-He (3 atm) were measured using a cylindrical high-pressure xenon chamber. The drift velocities were found to be greater than 3x10 sup 5 cm/s above the reduced electric field of 2.0x10 sup - sup 1 sup 8 V centre dot cm sup 2 at room temperature, which are close to those in Xe-H sub 2 (0.3%). The mixture of He gas into high-pressure xenon improved the resolving time of detectors because it increased the electron drift velocities. This implies that a high-pressure xenon chamber mixed with sup 3 He instead of He gas operates as a gamma-ray detector sensitive to thermal neutrons. (author) research-article

Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A 0167-5087 The KLOE drift chamber Adinolfi M Aloisio A Ambrosino F Andryakov A Antonelli A Antonelli M Anulli F Bacci C Bankamp A Barbiellini G Bellini F Bencivenni G Bertolucci Sergio Bini C Bloise C Bocci V Bossi F Branchini P Bulychjov S A Cabibbo G Calcaterra A Caloi R Campana P Capon G Carboni G Cardini A Casarsa M Cataldi G Ceradini F Cervelli F Cevenini F Chiefari G Ciambrone P Conetti S Conticelli S Lucia E D Robertis G D Sangro R D Simone P D Zorzi G D Dell'Agnello S Denig A Domenico A D Donato C D Falco S D Doria A Drago E Elia V Erriquez O Farilla A Felici G Ferrari A Ferrer M L Finocchiaro G Forti C Franceschi A Franzini P Gao M L Gatti C Gauzzi P Giovannella S Golovatyuk V Gorini E Grancagnolo F Grandegger W Graziani E Guarnaccia P Von Hagel U Han H G Han S W Huang X Incagli M Ingrosso L Jang Y Y Kim W Kluge W Kulikov V Lacava F Lanfranchi G Lee-Franzini J Lomtadze F Luisi C Martemyanov M Matsyuk M Mei W Merola L Messi R Miscetti S Moalem A Moccia S Moulson M Müller S Murtas F Napolitano M Nedosekin A Panareo M Pacciani L Pagès P Palutan M Paoluzi L Pasqualucci E Passalacqua L Passaseo M Passeri A Patera V Petrolo E Petrucci Guido Picca D Pirozzi G Pistillo C Pollack M Pontecorvo L Primavera M Ruggieri F Santangelo P Santovetti E Saracino G Schamberger R D Schwick C Sciascia B Sciubba A Scuri F Sfiligoi I Shan J Silano P Spadaro T Spagnolo S Spiriti E Stanescu C Tong G L Tortora L Valente E Valente P Valeriani B Venanzoni G Veneziano Stefano Wu Y Xie Y G Zhao P P Zhou Y 2001 461 25 28 The tracking detector of the KLOE experiment is 4 m diameter, 3.3 m length drift chamber, designed to contain a large fraction of the decays of low-energy K sub L produced at the Frascati DAPHINE phi-factory. The chamber is made by a thin carbon fiber structure and operated with a helium-based gas mixture in order to minimise conversion of low-energy photons and multiple scattering inside the sensitive volume. The tracking information is provided by 58 layers of stereo wires defing 12,582 cells, 2x2 cm sup 2 in size in the 12 innermost layers and 3x3 cm sup 2 in the outer ones. Details of the chamber design, calibration procedure and tracking performances are presented. research-article

Results from the 1998 test beam of the Calypso chamber filled with an Ar-CO2 gas mixture. Creti P Cambiaghi M Ferrari R Fraternali M Gaudio G Lanza A Livan M Bagnaia P Bini C Cardini A De Cecco S De Zorzi G Gauzzi P Gentile S Lacava F Pontecorvo L Rosati S Veneziano Stefano Orestano D Pastore F Spiriti E 1999 In the summer 1998 we have exposed to the Cern H8 test beam the BIL prototype Calypso filled with an Ar(93) CO2 (7) gas mixture, which is the current baseline for the Atlas MDT chambers. A possible problem of this gas mixture is the important variation of the drift velocity along the drift path. The aim of the test was to assess the possibility of operating the chamber and measuring the r-t relation in such conditions. Moreover we checked the performance of the chamber with a large-area (50 x 50 cm^2) beam using a hodoscope trigger and two precision trackers. INTNOTEATLASPUBL

The development a new drift chamber with a new gas mixture Atac M Taylor W E 1974 PREPRINT