Academic Training: Introduction to cryogenic Engineering

Cryogenic engineering is one of the key technologies at CERN. It is widely used in research and has many applications in industry and last but not least in medicine.

In research cryogenic engineering and its applications are omnipresent from the smallest laboratories to fusion reactors, huge detectors and accelerators. With the termination of the LHC, CERN will in fact become the world’s largest cryogenic installation.

This series of talks intends to introduce the non-cryogenist to the basic principles and challenges of cryogenic engineering and its applications. The course will also provide a basis for practical application as well as for further learning.

Monday 5.12.2005 Introduction: From History to Modern Refrigeration Cycles (Goran Perinic)

Tuesday 6.12.2005 Refrigerants, Standard Cryostats, Cryogenic Design (Goran Perinic)

Wednesday 7.12.2005 Heat Transfer and Insulation (Giovanna Vandoni)

Thursday 8.12.2005 Safety in Cryogenics, Information Resources (Goran Perinic)

Friday 9.12.2005 Applications of Cryogenic Engineering (Tapio Niinikoski)

Glaciers are an integrated part of the high altitudes and the high latitudes of our planet. They are sensitive to temperature and moisture changes and adjust their mass balances accordingly. By doing so they interact with their substratum, the geological basement and they produce characteristic imprints of their presence, their variability and their disappearance. In glacial geology and paleoglaciology such imprints of former glaciers are carefully recorded, mapped and, hopefully, dated in order to obtain amplitude and periodicity records of their changes - as forced by changing climate, as we believe. In the upcoming lectures three aspects will be discussed:

1. the last glaciation in the Swiss Alps. A reconstruction is shown based on fieldwork both in the mountains and in the foreland within a regional chronology. The reconstruction of the Last Glacial Maximum ice cover in the Alps points to unknown paleocirculation patterns with Europe-wide implications.
2. the glacial record of the past 10 000 years. What rates-of-change in the climate pattern can be seen in glacier oscillations?
3. the far-away record of Antarctica is discussed in the controversy of a stable or unstable East Antarctic Ice Sheet.

ENSEIGNEMENT ACADEMIQUE
ACADEMIC TRAINING
Françoise Benz 73127
academic.training@cern.ch

If you wish to participate in one of the following courses, please tell to your supervisor and apply electronically from the course description pages that can be found on the Web at: http://www.cern.ch/Training/ or fill in an 'application for training' form available from your Departmental Secretariat or from your DTO (Departmental Training Officer). Applications will be accepted in the order in which they are received.

by Françoise Benz