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HL-LHC Papers

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2025-02-04
06:47
Construction and Analysis of a Modified Nb3Sn 11 T Short Dipole Model / Cabrera, Carmen Abad (CERN) ; Perini, Diego (CERN) ; Bampton, Tavis Alexander (CERN) ; Bahmane, Oussama Id (CERN) ; Izquierdo Bermudez, Susana (CERN) ; Bourcey, Nicolas (CERN) ; Devred, Arnaud (CERN) ; Vez, Ruth Diaz (CERN) ; Garion, Cedric (CERN) ; Guinchard, Michael (CERN) et al.
The 5.2-m-long, 11 T double-aperture Nb3Sn Dipole Magnet was designed to replace some of the standard, 15-m-long 8.3 T Nb–Ti main dipole magnets in the Large Hadron Collider. After the production and test of several of 2-m-long models, the test of full-length 11 T series magnets revealed signs of performance degradation in the coil ends after a sequence of electromagnetic and thermal cycles. The possible sources for performance degradation were categorized into two groups: issues internal to the coils and issues with the coil support structure, in particular in the magnet ends. [...]
2025 - 7 p. - Published in : IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 35 (2025) 1-7 Fulltext: PDF;

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2025-02-04
06:47
Performance of a HL-LHC Nb$_3$Sn Quadrupole Magnet in the 100–200 MPa Range of Azimuthal Stress / Mangiarotti, F J (CERN) ; Izquierdo Bermudez, S (CERN) ; Devred, A (CERN) ; Diaz Vez, R (CERN) ; Ferradas Troitino, J (CERN) ; Ferradas Troitino, S (CERN) ; Feuvrier, J (CERN) ; Guinchard, M (CERN) ; Haziot, A (CERN) ; Milanese, A (CERN) et al.
With the assembly and test results of four Nb$_\text{3}$Sn short-model quadrupoles (MQXFS) for the High Luminosity Upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), an optimum pre-load level was established for the construction of the full-length, series magnets. Successive MQXFS magnets were used as testbeds for potential changes (including pre-load fine tuning) to be implemented in the series, and to better understand the stress dependence of Nb$_\text{3}$Sn magnet performance. [...]
2025 - 7 p. - Published in : IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 35 (2025) 4000307 Fulltext: PDF;

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2025-02-04
06:47
Laser-Induced Quench Study of the Magneto-Thermal Stability of Nb$_3$Sn Wires / Kuczynska, J H (CERN ; Geneva U.) ; Hopkins, S C (CERN) ; Senatore, C (Geneva U.) ; Boutboul, T (CERN)
In the pursuit of developing 14+ T Nb$_3$Sn magnets for a future energy-frontier circular collider, there is a growing demand for wires with enhanced critical current density (Jc), larger diameters, and lower copper-to-non-copper ratios. These requirements pose significant challenges to maintaining magnetothermal stability of the superconducting wires. [...]
2025 - 6 p. - Published in : IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 35 (2025) 1-6 Fulltext: PDF;

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2025-02-04
06:47
Evaluating the Electro-Magnetic Effects of Electrical Short-Circuits in a Nb-Ti Accelerator Magnet / Reynaud, V (CERN ; Polytech. Turin) ; Farinon, S (INFN, Genoa) ; Janitschke, M (CERN ; U. Rostock) ; Ravaioli, E (CERN) ; Verweij, A P (CERN) ; Willering, G (CERN) ; van Rienen, U (U. Rostock)
Electrical short-circuits in the coil winding pack of a superconducting magnet can severely impact the magnet's performance and safety during operation. Hence, finding ways to detect and assess these non-conformities is essential. [...]
2025 - 5 p. - Published in : IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 35 (2025) 4700405 Fulltext: PDF;

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2024-12-11
04:14
Graph Neural Network-Based Track Finding in the LHCb Vertex Detector / Correia, Anthony (LPNHE, Paris) ; Giasemis, Fotis I. (LPNHE, Paris ; LIP6, Paris) ; Garroum, Nabil (LPNHE, Paris) ; Gligorov, Vladimir Vava (LPNHE, Paris ; CERN) ; Granado, Bertrand (LIP6, Paris)
The next decade will see an order of magnitude increase in data collected by high-energy physics experiments, driven by the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The reconstruction of charged particle trajectories (tracks) has always been a critical part of offline data processing pipelines. [...]
arXiv:2407.12119.- 2024-12-17 - 17 p. - Published in : JINST 19 (2024) P12022 Fulltext: 2407.12119 - PDF; document - PDF;

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2024-08-06
07:33
Chapter 31: High Field Accelerator Magnets for Next Generation Colliders – Motivation, Goals, Challenges and R&D; Drivers / Bottura, L (CERN)
The Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN can be regarded as the ultimate collider built with Nb3 Ti magnets. Its main dipoles have reached a field of approximately 8 T, which is very likely close to the highest practical field for this superconductor in accelerators. [...]
2024 - 27 p. - Published in : Adv. Ser. Direct. High Energy Phys. 31 (2024) 615-641 Fulltext: PDF;
In : The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, pp.615-641

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2024-08-06
07:33
Chapter 22: Integration, (De-) Installation and Alignment / Fessia, P (CERN) ; Durand, H Mainaud (CERN)
Optimized space allocation for each equipment is instrumental to ensure that the various systems perform according to specification and to minimize installation and maintenance time. The general optimization effort goes under the name of “integration”, and it is strictly linked to the de-installation of the previous machine, to the management of the interfaces with existing infrastructures and to the installation of the new HL-LHC equipment. [...]
2024 - 25 p. - Published in : Adv. Ser. Direct. High Energy Phys. 31 (2024) 475-499 Fulltext: PDF;
In : The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, pp.475-499

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2024-08-06
07:33
Chapter 24: HL-LHC IT String and Hardware Commissioning / Bajko, M (CERN) ; Pojer, M (CERN)
The HL-LHC IT String is the test stand to validate the collective behavior of the Inner Triplet (IT) magnets and circuits in conditions as near as possible to the operational ones..
2024 - 17 p. - Published in : Adv. Ser. Direct. High Energy Phys. 31 (2024) 519-535 Fulltext: PDF;
In : The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, pp.519-535

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2024-08-06
07:33
Chapter 5: Machine Physics and Performance / Arduini, G (CERN) ; De Maria, R (CERN) ; Giovannozzi, M (CERN) ; Iadarola, G (CERN) ; Métral, E (CERN) ; Papaphilippou, Y (CERN) ; Tomás, R (CERN)
The main beam and machine parameter choices and the underlying beam dynamics considerations are reviewed together with the main challenges and expected performance..
2024 - 44 p. - Published in : Adv. Ser. Direct. High Energy Phys. 31 (2024) 121-164 Fulltext: PDF;
In : The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, pp.121-164

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2024-08-06
07:33
Chapter 25: SRF Cryogenic Test Facility for the HL-LHC / Tavian, L (CERN) ; Vandoni, G (CERN) ; Delsolaro, W Venturini (CERN)
Several test stands were assembled for testing integrated operation of individual components with and without beam. Amongst these, at CERN, the SPS SRF test stands allows to qualify crab cavity modules with beam, while the test facilities situated in the SM18 buildings underwent important upgrades for testing SRF single-crab-cavities, SRF modules, superconducting cryomagnets and cold powering systems. [...]
2024 - 6 p. - Published in : Adv. Ser. Direct. High Energy Phys. 31 (2024) 537-542 Fulltext: PDF;
In : The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, pp.537-542

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